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PHYSIOLOGY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES Adapted from Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance, 5th edition Scott K. Powers & Edward T. Howley
Presentation revised and updated by
Dr MOHD SANI MADON (PhD) Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris 2007-2008
(c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Define term homeotherm Present an overview of heat balance during exercise Discuss the concept of core temperature List the principle means of involuntarily increasing heat production Define four processes by which the body can lose heat during exercise Discuss the role of hypothalamus as the bodys thermostat
Objectives
Explain the thermal events that occur during exercise in both a cool/moderate & hot/humid environment List physiological adaptations that occur during acclimatization to heat Describe physiological responses to a cold environment Discuss physiological changes that occur in response to cold acclimatization
Heat Production
Voluntary Exercise Involuntary Shivering Action of hormones Thyroxine Catecholamines Fig 12.2
(c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Heat Loss
Radiation Transfer of heat via infrared rays No physical contact between surfaces 60% heat loss at rest Conduction Heat loss due to contact with another surface
Heat Loss
Convection
Form of conductive heat loss Heat transferred to air or water
Evaporation
Heat transferred via water (sweat) on skin surface Evaporation rate depends on: Temperature and relative humidity Convective currents around the body Amount of skin surface exposed 25% heat loss at rest Most important means during exercise
(c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Fig 12.3
(c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Fig 12.4
(c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Fig 12.5
(c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Small contribution
Radiative heat loss
Fig 12.6
(c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Fig 12.7
(c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Fig 12.8
(c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Fig 12.9
(c) 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Heat Acclimatization
Increased plasma volume Earlier onset of sweating Higher sweat rate Reduced sodium chloride loss in sweat Reduced skin blood flow