Unit 2 – Verbs, SVA,

Adjectives & Adverbs

 Verbs
 What is verbs? E.g. ?
 3 types of verbs:-
 Firstly, it is known as ‘Action Verb’.
1. Regular – verbs end with-ed (past tense) &
past participle form. E.g. jog→jogged → jogged ,
cook →cooked →cooked, etc.
2. Irregular – E.g. do → did → done, read →read →read,
eat →ate →eaten, fall →fell →fallen, dig →dug →dug,
etc.
3. Transitive – action verbs which require an object in the
sentence. E.g. He rides motorcycle , My mother prepared
dinner, etc
4. Intransitive – Do not require object in the sentence. E.g.
She sang her heart out like a mad woman, He jogged
along the field, etc.
 Secondly, it is known as ‘Non-Action
Verbs’.
1. Linking verbs – join subject & sentence. E.g.
These peanut butter and jelly sandwiches
taste delicious, He looked tired from the
football practice, etc.
2. ‘Be’ verbs – E.g. is,are, am, was, were, has
been, have been, had been.
 3. Auxiliary verbs – give support and meaning to the
main verb. E.g. can, could, will, would, shall,
should, may, might, ought to, had better.
1. Express ability – can, could
2. Express possibility – may, might
3. Express permission – may, can
4. Express advice – should, ought to, had better
5. Express necessity – must, have to
* Make five correct sentences for each auxiliary verb.

 Thirdly, it is called as ‘ other part of speech

as verbs’.
 Verbs which take the same word form as nouns.
 E.g. Peel the apple before you eat it, Throw the
apple peel into the dustbin.
* Turn page 47, do exercise A & B.
 SVA (Subject-Verb-
Agreement)
A singular subject takes a singular
verb. A plural subject takes a plural
verb.
 Sing. subject & verb → The injured cat
climbs the wall.
 Plural subject & verb → Shafiq and Aqim
go for basketball practice at the nearby court
every Saturdays.
The subjects below take singular forms of verbs

Subject E.g.
Each/Every + sing. Each student receives
noun a mask during H1N1
outbreak.
Everyone, anyone, Everyone takes turn to
somebody, someone, wash the corridor
anybody, everybody & before the inspection
nobody is conducted there.
Uncountable nouns The permission for
doing replacement
class depends on HEA
Infinitive (to+base verb) 1. To strengthen your
Gerund (ing verb) muscles is the aim of
this exercise.
2. Singing appears to
be very popular as a
form of tension relief
especially in Korea.

Sing. noun+ with + sing/plur 1. The manager

together with nouns together with his
staff works hard for
as well as
the upcoming
like campaign.
besides 2. Ariff and his brother
enjoys listening to
rock music.
 The following structures can
take singular or plural verb
forms.
Subject E.g.
Collective noun – e.g. a bouquet1. A bouquet of flowers is
of flowers, two bouquets of insufficient to decorate the
flowers. house.
2. Two bouquets of flowers
are sent by the his lovely
husband.
Neither…nor (- statement) Neither the president nor his
Either… or (+ statement) deputy is coming to the
ceremony.
*plural statement
Either Farid or his friends are in
charge of the surprise.
One 1. One of the sources of
Five + of the + plur. nouns protein is meat.
None 2. Five of the experts in the
advertisement department
(the verb follows the
agree to accept that
determiner)
housing project.
3. None of the books on
proper dieting is available
at the book store.

There + ‘be’ + noun 1. There are different opinions

to conduct the class
seminar.
2. There is a way to overcome
this problem.
Some 1. 95% of the residents want
A lot count. N to claim their property from
Half + of the + uncount. N being used by other people.
2. Some of the milk tastes
The Rest
 Irregular structures
Subject E.g.
Subject 1. The bad news is too much
* plural in form but singular in for everyone to handle .
meaning and verb. 2. Three hours is enough to
**always plural takes plural complete the whole test.
verb. 3. **The policemen patrol the
crime scene to avoid any
attempt by the previous
convicted criminal.
4. **The people involved in
the riot are taken to the
police station.
 The number of students
The number of + plural N + involved in the ‘Independence
sing. V Day Festival’ is around 3000.

A number of + plural N A number of companies agree

to sponsor the event.
+ plural V

*Answer Exercise A, B and C (page 51 & 52) NOW!

 Adjectives
 What is adjectives? E.g.?
 Describe qualities of people,
things,places,so on.
 Describe this picture with five
characteristics.
 Function E.g.
1. Describe a Fresh fruits, stale
noun/pronoun. bread, yellow pickles,
etc
2. Express quantity. Ten oranges, a ten-
mile hike, a hundred-
metre run.
3. Point out things or -Those books are
people. boring.
-This doughnut is
scrumptious.
4. Nouns can be used An orange cake, a
as adj. These nouns garden wedding,
are in sing. form carrot juice, a duck
egg.
5. Can be in the form cooking
of present participle ‘- demonstration,
ing’ appetising meal
6. Nationalities can be English pudding,
used as nouns. French toast,
American breakfast.
7. An adjective can be -That knife is sharper
used for comparison than mine .
by adding ‘-er’ to the -Give the child a
adj. smaller portion of rice
as he couldn’t finish it.
8. Adj. can be used in the
superlative form by adding ‘-
est’.
1. This Nasi Ayam is by far the
tastiest one in this town.
2. Select the biggest
opportunity for next year’s
promotion.

9. If the 1. Amirul is hungrier than

comparative/superlative adj. Syafiq.
ends in ‘-y’ change it to ‘-I’ 2. This is the dirtiest class I
before adding ‘-er’ or ‘-est’. have ever seen.

10. Some 1. ….more nutritious than….

comparative/superlative adj. 2. The most appealing….
uses ‘more…than’ or ‘the 3. The most attractive….
most….’
 Position of adjectives
Position
Before Nouns
After ‘be’ verb.
After intransitive verbs
(feel,taste, smell, appear,
look, sound,seem)
E.g.
A delicious meal, a strenuous
exercise, a lovely
woman,etc.
-He is thirsty.
-The people were awful last
week.
- I am ravenous.
-The milk tastes awful.
-The fish looks fresh.
-The students appear
exhausted.
List 5 adjectives from this video of a clown. After
this, do exercise B & C (pg. 55)
 Adverbs
 Adverbs give more information about
verbs, adjectives and adverbs.
Function E.g.
1. An adverb tells us -The salesman talked
more about the verb. It enthusiastically to sell the new
explains how the action product.
is carried out. -The doctor treats carefully the
patient’s broken arm.
2. Tells us more about -The manager was
an adjective. extremely angry with
the careless worker.
-She felt terribly sick
after eating the wild
mushrooms.
3. Tells us more about -The secret to bake a
another adverb. good cake is to pour
the mixture very
slowly.
-The house was very
beautifully decorated
by the interior
designer.
4. Most adverbs are Quick+ ly = quickly
formed by adding ‘-ly’ Healthy+ly= healthily
to an adjective.
5. Some adverbs do -The man was late for
not end in ‘-ly’. work.
- We did expect the
price of masks to rise
so soon.
6. Some words can be -The old lady had deep
used as both adjective lines on her face.
and adverbs without - The early bird
any changing of the catches the worm.
form.
7. An adverb shows the
frequency of how things are
done.
8. An adverb can be used in the -A professional athlete can run
comparative and superlative
form by adding ‘more…than’
and ‘the most…’.
Do Exercise B & C (pg.58)
- I always have a glass of milk
every night.
- Ariff sometimes goes to the
gym.
- The wealthy man goes for
holiday twice a year.
- I go for medical checkup every
3 months.
more quickly than amateur
athlete.
- This is the most artistically old
painting I have ever seen.