1.

The layer of the heart that forms the smooth protective lining of the heart chambers and valves is the
A. B. C. D. Endocardium Myocardium Epicardium Parietal pericardium

2. Which layer of the following serves the dual purpose of forming the inner layer of the pericardium and forming the outermost wall of the heart?
A. B. C. D. Fibrous pericardium Parietal pericardium Visceral pericardium Myocardium
1

3. The ____ has the thickest wall because it pumps blood to the _______ A. right atrium; systemic circuit B. right ventricle; lungs C. left atrium; lungs D. left ventricle; systemic circuit 4. Freshly oxygenated blood enters the heart through the ____, and is pumped out the _____ A. Right atrium; aorta B. Left atrium; aorta C. Right ventricle; pulmonary arteries D. Left ventricle; pulmonary arteries
2

The Cardiac Cycle

The Cardiac Cycle

Heart actions are regulated Heart actions are a series of events cardiac cycle o Atria contract ( atrial systole) the ventricles relax (ventricular diastole) o Ventricles contract (ventricular systole) the atria relax o Then atria and ventricles briefly relax

Cardiac Conduction System

Structures of the System

SA Node = Sinoatrial Node Generates rhythmic contractions
o Pacemaker of the heart

AV Node = Atrioventricular Node Connected to SA node by junctional fibers

o SA Node conducts impulses slowly AV Node conducts quickly o Slow impulse time for SA allows time for atria to contract completely so all blood empties into ventricles
10

Impulses spread though atria Impulses spread to the AV Node

Structures of the System

AV Bundle = atrioventricular bundle Receives impulses from the AV node Impulses move rapid Passes through interventricular septum Branches into left and right sides then branches into purkinje fibers Purkinje Fibers Carry fibers into the ventricular myocardium

11

Overview of parts
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. SA Node Atrial syncytium Junctional fibers AV node AV bundle Bundle branches Purkinje fibers Ventricular syncytium

12

Electrocardiogram

13

What is it?
Recoding of electrical changes that occur in the myocardium during the cardiac cycle. Body fluids can conduct electrical currents so the changes can be detected on the bodys surface. Normal ECG pattern includes several waves during each cycle. Up and down movements indicate electrical changes in myocardium. Between cycles fibers are polarized so no electrical changes.
o Shows up as marks on the baseline

14

What do the letters mean?

Use your textbook to find what each letter means. P wave QRS complex S T segment T wave

15

What do the letters mean?

P wave
o Atrial depolarization o Atrial systole

QRS complex
o Ventricular depolarization o Hides record of atrial repolarization

S T Segment
o Ventricular systole

T wave
o Ventricular repolarization

16

Blood Pressure

17

18

Arterial Blood Pressure

Systolic Pressure
o Max pressure achieved during ventricular contraction o First number recorded

Alternate expanding a recoiling of arterial walls is felt as a pulse.

Diastolic pressure
o Ventricles relax, arterial pressure drops o Lowest pressure that remains in arteries before the next ventricular contraction o Last number recorded

19

20