General Introduction about Questionnaire design Stages of questionnaire development to prune and refine the questionnaire Relationship between

Objective, Hypothesis, Data Analysis with examples Example of a research questionnaire Group exercise

A QUESTIONNAIRE IS A LIST OF QUESTIONS SENT TO A NUMBER OF PERSONS FOR THEM TO ANSWER.

A QUESTIONNAIRE WHETHER IT IS CALLED A SCHEDULE, INTERVIEW FORM OR MEASURING INSTRUMENTS IS A FORMALIZED SET OF QUESTIONS FOR OBTAINING INFORMATION FROM RESPONDENTS.

Much of the data in clinical research is gathered using questionnaires or interviews.

The reliability and validity of the results depends on the quality of these instruments.

Good questionnaires are difficult to construct; bad questionnaires are difficult to analyze.

SUPERFICIAL- difficult to capture the richness of meaning INFORMATION IS SELF REPORT-does not necessarily reflect true behavior POOLING OF IGNORANCE

STRUCTURED UN STRUCTURED

PICTORIAL

TYPES OF QUESTIONS
Open ended Question type Simple dichotomy Multiple choice

Closed ended

Determinant choice

Check-list

1. 2.

Open-ended Questions in which the respondent answers in his own words Closed-ended (or Fixed Alternative) Question in which respondent selects one or more options from pre-determined set of responses
Simple dichotomy Closed ended question with only two response alternatives Multiple Choice Closed ended question with more than two response alternatives
Determinant choice Multiple choice question in which respondent must select only one of the response alternatives Checklist question - Multiple choice question in which respondent can select more than one of the response alternatives

1.

2.

Response categories provided for each closeended question should be mutually exclusive and exhaustive Mutually Exclusive Response categories must be such that the same respondent cannot be classified into more than one category; e.g. the categories Rs.1,000-5,000 and Rs.5,000-10,000 are not mutually exclusive. Mutually Exhaustive Response categories should include all possible response options. Sometimes this is achieved by including a response option like Other (Please specify).

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

QUESTIONNAIRE/QUESTIONS FORMAT
STRUCTURED UNSTRUCTURED LANGUAGE TYPE OF QUESTIONS ADMINISTRATION

WORDING OF QUESTIONS GENERAL TO SPECIFIC ( INVERTED FUNNEL APPROACH) SEQUENCE OF QUESTIONS EASY QUESTION FORMATS PERSONAL QUESTIONS AT THE END DOUBLE BARREL QUESTION SHOULD BE AVOIDED QUESTIONS SHOULD BE HELPFUL IN TABULATIONS & ANALYSIS QUESTIONNAIRE ITEMS

Keep questionnaire short if possible, but not too short that you sacrifice needed information Do not over crowd questionnaire

Provide decent margin space

Use multiple- grid layout for questions with similar responses Use good quality print paper. Use booklet form if possible

Sometimes, several questions are needed to obtain the required information in an unambiguous manner. Consider the question:
Do you think Coca-Cola is a tasty and refreshing soft drink? (Incorrect)

Such a question is called a double-barreled question, because two or more questions are combined into one. To obtain the required information, two distinct questions should be asked: Do you think Coca-Cola is a tasty soft drink? and Do you think Coca-Cola is a refreshing soft drink? (Correct)

How many gallons of soft drinks did you consume during the last four weeks? (Incorrect) How often do you consume soft drinks in a typical week? (Correct) 1. ___ Less than once a week 2. ___ 1 to 3 times per week 3. ___ 4 to 6 times per week 4. ___ 7 or more times per week

In a typical month, how often do you shop in department stores? _____ Never _____ Occasionally _____ Sometimes _____ Often _____ Regularly (Incorrect) In a typical month, how often do you shop in department stores? _____ Less than once _____ 1 or 2 times _____ 3 or 4 times _____ More than 4 times (Correct)

Do you think that Anna Hazare support to Baba Ramdev Against corruption would irritate Congress party ? _____ Yes _____ No _____ Don't know (Incorrect) Do you think that Anna Hazare should support baba Ramdev in his fight against corruption ? _____ Yes _____ No _____ Don't know (Correct)

EXPLORATORY INTERVIEWS

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

IDENTIFICATION OF CRITICAL POINTS DATA COLLECTION FROM RESPONDENTS DESIGN OF SURVEY INSTRUMENT BY CAREFUL SELECTION OF ITEMS DATA ANALYSIS PRETESTING OF INSTRUMENT BY PROFFESSIONALS (CONTENT VALIDITY) MODIFICATION OF THE INSTRUMENT SCALE RELIABILITY USING CRONBACH ALPHA KMO TEST VALIDITY ASSESMENT FACE VALIDITY CONSTRUCT VALIDITY CONTENT VALIDITY

PILOT STUDY AND PRE-TESTING OF THE INSTRUMENT

MODIFICATION,REFINEMENT AND FINAL ISATION OF INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION

Objective: To Study the Proximity and Distance among various Promotional Tools Q. The following are the pairs of different promotional Methods. Select ONE Method out of each pair which is more effective than the other in your opinion.
Two Methods Advertising or Sales Promotion Advertising or Public Relation Advertising or Direct Marketing Advertising or Personal Selling Sales Promotion or Public Relation Sales Promotion or Direct Marketing Sales Promotion or Personal Selling Public Relation or Direct Marketing Public Relation or Personal Selling Direct Marketing or Personal Selling Which ONE is More Effective

Derived Stimulus Configuration

Euclidean distance model

1.0 PR SP 0.5

Dimension 2

0.0

DM ADV

-0.5

-1.0 PS -1.5 -1 0 1 2

Dimension 1

Objective: To Select the Best Promotional Method for a Particular Promotional Objective (Promotional Performance Attribute) Q. On the basis of given attributes in the very left column, which method of promotion is most preferred (indicated in right columns) (Note: Please select () the one best method for each attribute)
Methods Advertising Attributes Which Method has Mass Appeal Which method is Least Expensive Which Method Attracts Maximum Customers Which Method is Best for Introducing New Schemes Which is best to remind customers Which Method is most informative Which Method is Most Convincing Personal Selling Sales Promotion Direct Marketing Public Relation

Executives Preference of Promotional Methods for Mass Appeal

Promotional Methods
Advertising Personal Selling Sales Promotion Direct Marketing Public Relations Total

No. of Respondents Preferred

86 06 15 23

Ranking
1 5 4 3 2

30 160

Executives Preference of Promotional Methods for Least Expensive

Promotional Methods Advertising

Personal Selling Sales Promotion Direct Marketing Public Relations Total

No. of Respondents Preferred

31 21 13 48 47 160

Ranking
3 4 5 1 2

Null Hypothesis Ho Selection of Promotional Methods is Independent to Promotional Performance Attribute. Alternative Hypothesis H1 Selection of Promotional Methods is dependent on Promotional Performance Attribute

One Sample Chi Square Test of Responses for Mass Appeal

Promotional Methods
Advertising Personal Selling Sales Promotion Direct Marketing Publicity/Public Relations O 86 6 15 23 30 E 32 32 32 32 32 O-E 54 -26 -17 -9 -2 = (O-E) (O-E)/E 2916 676 289 81 4 91.125 21.125 9.03125 2.53125 0.125 123.938

(O-E)/E

Since the calculated chi square value is far greater than the critical chi-square value, there is strong evidence to reject the null hypothesis of Independence and accept the alternative hypothesis of dependence for first promotional performance attribute i.e. Mass Appeal

METHOD OF PROMOTION BASED ON ATTRIBUTES

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

METHO D HAS MASS APPEAL

LEAST EXPENSI VE

ATTARC TS CUSTOM ERS

INTROD UCING NEW SCHEME S 56 92 138 120 48

STIMULA TES PURCHA SE 52 110 134 108 50

USED FOR SELECTE D BUYER 54 101 123 114 63

CREATE S DEMAN D 47 97 135 116 60

REMINDI NG THE CUSTOM ER 54 91 129 129 52

GIVING PERSON AL TOUCH 50 98 125 117 65

ADVERTISING A PERSONAL SELLING B SALES PROMOTION C DIRECT MARKETING D PUBLIC RELATIONS E

110 92 100 94 57

56 121 122 108 46

55 121 114 99 65

S.No A B C D E F G H I J

Factors Location of the property (heart of city, outskirts) Product Offerings like 2 rooms or 3 rooms etc, Surface area covered parking space, security etc. Location Convenience (according to individual) Infrastructure Facilities (electricity, school, hospitals) Connectivity Government policy Competitors pricing strategy Prices fixed by developers Demand and supply in the market Promotion by developers

K
L M N O P Q R P Q R

Contribution of metro rail in hike of property

Ease of home loans by banks Presence of private bank Presence of private builders Arrival of Common Wealth Games in 2010 Value-addition activities (quality fixtures, mass customization, Wi-Fi connectivity etc.) Legality of property Economic conditions Value-addition activities (quality fixtures, mass customization Wi-Fi connectivity etc.) Legality of property Economic conditions

LOCATION CONTRIBUTION OF BUILDERS INFRASTRUCTURE COMPETITION ECONOMIC REGULATORY PROMOTION

NULL HYPOTHESIS
THERE IS NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN THE OPINION OF BUYERS AND DEVELOPERS ON PRICE ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS THERE IS SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN THE OPINION OF BUYERS AND DEVELOPERS IN THE PRICE.