PHYSICS ACTIVE LEARNING ASSESSMENT

Name Deep Patel Dhruvi Patel Jayan Patel Poojan Patel Raj Patel

Enrollment No:130410107064 130410107066 130410107068 130410107070 130410107072

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Reverberation is the persistence or prolongation of sound in a hall even after the source stopped emitting sound. The Reverberation time is the time taken by sound to fall below the minimum audibility level. REMEDIES: By Providing windows and openings. By having full capacity of audience in hall or room. By using heavy curtains with folds. By covering the floor with carpets. By decorating walls with beautiful pictures, poster, maps, etc. By covering the ceiling and wall with good sound absorbing materials like felt, fiberboard false roofing etc.

The uniform distribution of loudness in hall or a room is an important factor for satisfactory hearing. Sometime, the loudness may get reduced due to excess of sound-absording materials used inside hall or room.

REMEDIES: By using suitable absorbent at places where noise is high. As a result, the distribution of loudness may become uniform. By constructing low ceilings for the reflection of sound towards the listener. By using large sounding boards behind the speakers and facing the audience. By using public address system like loudspeaker.

The presence of any concave surface or any other curved surface in the hall or room may make the sound to be concentrated at this focus region. As a result, the sound may not be heard at all other regions. These regions are referred as dead space. Hence, surfaces must be avoided. REMEDIES: Curved surfaces can be avoided. If curved surface are present, they should be covered with suitable sound absorbing materials.

An echo is heard due to reflection of sound from a distant sound-reflecting object.

REMEDIES: An echo can be avoided by covering long-distance walls and high ceiling with suitable sound-absorbing materials, This prevents reflection of sound.

It refers to generation of new separate sound due multiple echoes. A set of railing or any regular reflecting surface is said to produce the echelon effect. This echelon effect affects the quality of the original sound.

REMEDIES: The remedy to avoid echelon effect is to cover such surface with sound-absorbing materials.

Resonance occurs due to matching frequency. If the windows panels and sections of wooden portions have not tightly fitted, they may start vibrating, there by creating an extra sound in addition to the sound produced in the hall.

REMEDIES: The resonance may be avoided by fixing the windows panels properly. Any other vibrating object which may produce resonance can be placed over a suitable sound-absorbing materials.

The unwanted sound is called noise. The Hall or room should be properly insulated from external and internal noises. There are three types of noise:1. Air-borne noise:- Extraneous noise which are coming from outside. 2. Structure-borne noise:- The noise which is conveyed through the structure of the building. 3. Inside noise:- The noise which are produced inside the hall or room. REMEDIES: The hall or room can be made air conditioned. The sound can be eliminated by using double walls with air space between them. By using curtains for sound absorbing.

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5. Magnetic field effect

The minimum magnetic field required to destroy the super conducting state is called the critical magnetic field Hc Hc=H[1-(T/Tc)] where H is critical field at 0 k.

6. Critical current density : it can be define as the maximum current that can be permitted in a superconducting material without destroying its superconducting state. It is function of temperature.

7. Persistent current : the steady flow of current in a superconducting ring with out any potential deriving it is called the persistent current .

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Type -1 superconductor These superconductor called as superconductor. are soft

Type -2 superconductor These superconductor are called as hard superconductor

The critical field value is very The critical field value is very low. high. Exhibits the perfect complete meissner effect. & Do not exhibit a perfect & complete meissner effect.

Low temperature superconductor

Superconductor that require liquid helium as coolant are called low temperature superconductor

High temperature superconductor

Superconductor having their Tc values above the temperature of liquid nitrogen are called the high temperature superconductor.

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CRYOTRON :