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Introduction
Standard method for indirect measurement of the amount of pollution (that cannot be oxidized biologically) in a sample of water.
Theory of COD
Chemical oxygen demand (mg/L COD) is defined as the amount of oxygen consumed per liter under the condition of the experiment COD test procedure is based on the chemicaldecomposition of organic and inorganic contaminants, dissolved or suspended in water. Higher the COD, higher the amount of pollution in the test sample.
the sample with strong sulphuric acid solution in the presence of chromium and silver salts. During the oxidation of organic materials by dichromate in sulfuric acid with a silver compound as a catalyst, carbon is oxidized to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the organic compound is converted to water. All organic compounds are oxidized completely
Theory of COD
A mercuric compound is normally added to reduce interference from the oxidation of chloride ions by the dichromate. In this experiment, the dichromate is reduced to green chromic ion (Cr+3) by oxidizable organic compounds
Theory of COD
The COD analysis is relative fast compared with the BOD analysis. The COD of a waste is, in general, higher than the BOD because more compounds can be chemically oxidized than biologically oxidized.
BOD5/COD
0.4-0.6
0.6 0.2
0.1
COD
BOD
Celullosa
Biodegradable N-organic Non-biodegradable N-organic Free NH3 (resulted by nitrification) Chain/linear and poly aromatic hydrocarbon
(**)
(*)
-
(*) : after 4 days can be prevented by adding inhibitors (**) : can be oxidized by addition of Ag2SO4 catalyst
COD Test :
Zat organik dioksidasi oleh larutan standar K2Cr2O7 sebagai sumber oksigen dengan volume tertentu dan berlebihan dalam asam dengan pemanasan dan adanya Ag2SO, HgSO4 dan K2SO4 proses refluks
Ag2SO4 : katalisator HgSO4 : menghilangkan ion Cl K2SO4 : meningkatkan titik didih
Sisa Cr2O7= (yang tidak tereduksi) dititrasi dengan lar.standar Fe2+ (V2) Titrasi juga dilakukan terhadap larutan blanko volume lar.standar Fe2+ untuk menitrasi lar. blanko setelah refluks (V1) VN Cr2O7= awal
CaHbOcNd + Cr2O7= + H+ E 2j CO2 + H2O + 2Cr3+ Ag2SO4, K2SO4 ( Lar.kuning ) (Larutan hijau)
Cara perhitungan
(V1 V2.) MFe x 32 x 1000 COD = O2 = ------------------------------------- (mg/L) 4V
Gangguan :
Ion nitrit :
menjadi nitrat ? Pencegahan : dengan asam sulfamat
Teroksidasi
Disarankan untuk menggunakan botol kaca atau botol plastik yang bersih dari zat organik Jika mengandung Lumpur harus dikocok sampai merata Sampel yang mengandung Fe(III) atau bakteri tinggi harus segera dianalisis Pengawetan : penambahan asam sulfat pekat (pH 2)