PETE 411

Well Drilling

Lesson 31 Plugback Cementing

31. Plugback Cementing

PETE 411 Well Drilling

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Plugback Cementing

Case I:

No Spacer

Case II: Equal Height Spacers Case III: Spacer Ahead of Cmt. (only) Case I : !"o #nequal Spacers $i%tures and Solutions

31. Plugback Cementing

PETE 411 Well Drilling

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Read:
Applied Drilling Engineering Ch. 3. Cementing

HW 1!
Due November 12, 2001

31. Plugback Cementing

PETE 411 Well Drilling

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"alanced Cement Plug

#ig. 3.11$ Placement tec%ni&ue used 'or setting cement (lug.

31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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Cementing )*(en$Hole Plugging+

&. 'lug()ac* for a)andonment +. 'lug()ac* for fishing or hole de,iation

-pen(hole plugging is usually performed "ith .slic*/ drillpipe or tu)ing. In some cases0 reciprocating scratchers may )e run to enchance cement )onding.
31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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T,(es o' "alanced Plugs

Case -: .o /ater or other fluid of different density from that in hole is run ahead or )ehind the cement slurry. Case --: Water or other fluid of different density from that hole is run a%ead and be%ind cement slurr,. !he ,olume of fluid ahead and )ehind slurry is calculated so that height in casing is same as height inside the string.
31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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Dis(lacement
Case ---: Water or other fluid of different density from that in hole is run a%ead o' cement slurr, and hole fluid only is used as displacing fluid. Case -0: 1ater or other fluid of different density from that in hole is run ahead and )ehind cement slurry. In this case0 the %eig%ts o' 'luid in annulus and drill string are not e&ual.
31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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T C

Case ft 3 C = annular capacity, ft ft 3 T = drill pipe capacity, ft

Height of plug with pipe in place

Height of plug after pulling pipe

31. Plugback Cementing

PETE 411 Well Drilling

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T C

Case ft 3 C = annular capacity, ft ft 3 T = drill pipe capacity, ft $ = 'olu%e of &lurry, ft 3 H = height of ce%ent plug with pipe in place $ = H #C + H#T = H"C + T!

Final Height

$ H= C+T
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31. Plugback Cementing

PETE 411 Well Drilling

E1am(le "alanced Plug $ Case Set a balanced cmt. plug from ,!00"#,000 ft, $ith no fluid %pacer%. 1. &pen hole diameter ' 10 3()* 2. A%%ume no $a%hout 3. +%e !*, 1#.!0 ,(ft D-, open ended ). +%e cla%% . cement, 1!./ ,(gal
31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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E1am(le $ Case )a+ Calculate 2olume o' cement slurr,

re&uired:

DH L

1(*75 2 2 $ = ,H + = ft "5(( ft! 4 4 12

= 315*15 ft 3 of &lurry re)uired

31. Plugback Cementing

PETE 411 Well Drilling

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E1am(le $ Case )b+ Calculate actual %eig%t o' (lug

/%en DP is in (lace at 34555 't. If
C = annular capacity in ft - ft
3

T = drillpipe capacity in ft - ft
3

then $ = "C + T!H

$ H= C+T
31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

T C

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E1am(le $ Case )b+ cont6d

2 2 1(*75 5 2 ft #1 ft-ft In this case0 C = 4 144

= (*4 3 4 ft 3 - ft T = ( *(
31. Plugback Cementing

7 ft 3 - ft
" Halli.urton /oo0 !

PETE 411 Well Drilling

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E1am(le $ Case )b+ cont6d

315.15 ft 3 H = = C + ! ((.4 3 4 + (.( 7 )

ft 6 ft

= 234.5 ft = height of plug0 "ith pipe in place

31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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E1am(le $ Case )c+ Determine t%e &uantit, o' mud dis(lacement

inside t%e DP t%at /ill ensure a balanced (lug. 7alance requires that the pressures )e equal inside the 8' and in the annulus0 at 504449.

4, = 42 54 C, + 41, = 4C2 + 412 (*(52"3 1, !h 1, = (*(52"3 12 !h 12

hMD = hMA
31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

PD PA
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E1am(le $ Case height of %ud in&ide drillpipe = height of %ud in annulu& height of %ud in&ide drillpipe = ,((( 6 53(* = 8,46 *1 ft
31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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E1am(le $ Case olume of mud dis(lacement ()ehing the cement slurry) > =0<:5 ft ; 4.455? ft 6ft
3

))l = =<<.< ft ; 2.:& ft 3

3

0Dis(l 7 1!5.4 bbl )o' mud+

31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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E1am(le $ Case 8lso re&uired:

Class H cement req9d

315*15 ft = 3 1*18 ft - &0

= 267*1 &0&
267*1 &0& # 5*2 gal-&0 = 42 gal-..l

$i% "ater req9d

= 33*1 ..l
31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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Case II
mud /ater cement /ater mud hW Height of plug with pipe in place

h7, 8 h72

$7, $72 = T C T $7, = $72 C

Height of plug after pulling pipe

31. Plugback Cementing

PETE 411 Well Drilling

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E1am(le4 "alanced Plug $ Case -Set a )alanced plug0 244 ft high0 "ith its )ottom at 50444 ft. #se "ater spacers of equal height inside 8' and in annulus. olume of annular "ater spacer > &4 ))l -pen hole diameter > &4 36</. No "ashouts 2/ 8'0 &5.24 @6ft0 open ended. #se class H cement0 &2.: @6gal
31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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E1am(le $ Case -)a+ 9 )b+ #rom (re2ious e1am(le:

$ = 315*15 ft 3 , 'ol* of ce%ent &lurry C = (*4 3 4 ft 3 - ft , annular capacity T = (*( 7 ft - ft , drillpipe capacity $ H= = 53(* ft, C+T
31. Plugback Cementing

= height of plug with drillpipe in place

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PETE 411 Well Drilling

E1am(le $ Case -)c+ Calculate %eig%t )lengt%+ o' /ater s(acer

in DP: In annulus0

h 1A

ft &4 ))l ; 2.:& ))l = 1A = 3 C 4.<535< ft 6 ft = &&3.: ft h 18 = &&3.: ft

31. Plugback Cementing

PETE 411 Well Drilling

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E1am(le $ Case -)d+ 0olume o' /ater s(acer inside DP 0 W4DP

! = ol. of spacer in annulus ; C 4.455? ft 3 6 ft = &4 ))ls ; 4.<535< ft 3 6 ft = +.4+ ))ls
31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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E1am(le $ Case -)e+ 8 balanced (lug

re&uires t%at
PD = PA PCD + PWD + PMD = PCA + PWA + PMA
PD PA

%ud in drillpipe %u&t e9tend to the &urface*

31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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E1am(le $ Case -)e+ cont6d

Height of %ud in drillpipe = ,((( 6 h C, hWD = ,((( 53(* 113*6 = 8,355*5 ft
31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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E1am(le $ Case -olume of mud required to displace cement and spacers

ft 3 = =0322.2 ft ; 4.455? ft

> =33.4 ft

0Dis(l 7 14:.! bbls

31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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C%eck
148*5 ..l& + 2*(2 ..l& 15(*5 ..l& an&wer to pre'iou& pro.le% 6 Ca&e < :;*

31. Plugback Cementing

PETE 411 Well Drilling

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Pum(ing ;e&uence:
&. 1ater spacer for annulus: &4 ))ls +. Cement Slurry for 'lug:

3&2.&2 ft 3 2:.+ ))ls

3. 1ater spacer )ehind cement: +.4 ))ls
31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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Pum(ing ;e&uence
<. $ud displacement )ehind second "ater spacer: &<=.2 ))ls !otal fluid pumped > &4 A 2:.+ A + A &<=.2 > +&:.? ))ls
(at &4 ))l6min this "ould require B++ min)
31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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Case --Hole fluid den&ity > den&ity of water Hydro&tatic head& in ,S and annulu& %u&t .alance at top of ce%ent &lurry with ,S in hole*

hW Height of plug with pipe in place

Height of plug after pulling pipe

PA = PD
31. Plugback Cementing

PCA + PWA + PMA = PCD + PWD + PMD

PETE 411 Well Drilling

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Case -0 $ <eneral Case

Hole fluid density is greater than "ater density. Hydrostatic heads in 8S and annulus must )alance at top of cement slurry "ith 8S in hole.

PA = PD PCA + PWA + PMA = PCD + PWD + PMD

31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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Procedure in setting balanced (lug

&. Cun drillpipe in to depth "here plug is to )e setD in this case 50444 ft. (open ended). +. Circulate and condition mud one complete circulation to ma*e sure system is )alanced. 3. 'ump spacers and cement per calculations and displace "6proper amount of fluid
31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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Procedure in setting balanced (lug

<. Stop pumpsD )rea* connection at surface. 8. If standing full0 plug is )alanced. ". If flo"ing )ac*0 a mista*e in calculations
has )een made. Sta) inside 7-'0 or ha,e a hea,y slug (small ,olume slug) ready to pump.
31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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Procedure in setting balanced (lug

2. -nce the end of the drillpipe clears the plug0 there is a good chance the pipe "ill pull "et. !his is )ecause pressures ha,e gone )ac* into a completely )alanced mud system. :. If pulling "et0 slug pipe and pull out of hole.
31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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Procedure in setting balanced (lug

?. E,en if plug is se,erely out(of()alance0 ne,er try to re,erse cement out of hole. =. !ag plug "ith 8' at end of = hours. If too high0 plug may ha,e to )e drilled out and another plug spotted. If too lo"0 spot another plug to required height "ith 8' Eust a)o,e top of first plug.
31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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Calculations to Design a "alanced *(en Hole Cement Plug

&. Calculate cu. ft. of slurry required for plug in open hole. = 2 3 $1 = d + ft or, u&e Halli.urton ta.le&* 4

( )

+. $ultiply this ,olume )y excess factor (24F e%cess factor > &.24)

V2 = V1 # factor , ft
31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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Calculations 'or balanced (lug $ H-.T

1hen dealing "ith a "ashed(out hole0 "here an e%cess factor is required0 it is usually easier to calculate a ne"0 effecti,e hole siGe0 and use that instead of the e%cess factor.
2

; 1.5

If 24F e%cess is required

H + H + d+ = d& ; 1.5 < <

d 2 = d1 1*5 = 1*225 d1
31. Plugback Cementing

#se d+ for calculations !his is the e''ecti2e dia.

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PETE 411 Well Drilling

Calculations 'or balanced (lug

3. Iind height (h0 ft) cement "ill occupy "hen drillpipe is at )ottom of plug during pumping:

$2 , ft 3 h= $olin&ide ,4 + $ol annulu& "based on d 2 ! ft 3 ft

31. Plugback Cementing

ft 3 ft
PETE 411 Well Drilling

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Calculations 'or balanced (lug $ cont6d

<. Iind height (ft) "ater spacer ahead of cement "ill occupy in annulus. #se d= to calculate this (to account for the e%cess factor).
2.

Iind height (ft) "ater spacer )ehind cement "ill occupy in 8'. 8o not use e%cess factor. 4,4 = 4ann
PETE 411 Well Drilling

:. 'ressures must )alance at )ottom of plug

31. Plugback Cementing

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Calculations 'or balanced (lug $ cont6d

?. 4ann = 5 4c%t + 5 4&pacer + 5 4annulu& %ud

4,4 = 5 4c%t + 5 4&pacer + 5 4,4 %ud Sol'e for 5 4,4 %ud

=. Con,ert this PDP mud to feet inside 8'.
31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

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Calculations 'or balanced (lug $ cont6d

5. Con,ert this footage to ))ls inside 8' for proper displacement. &4. !o find s*s cmt required0 di,ide ,olume0 +0 )y yield6s*. !his yield0 Js*0 may )e in the Halli)urton ta)les (or may notK). Num)er of s% req9d0
31. Plugback Cementing PETE 411 Well Drilling

$2 ?= >&0
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Calculations 'or balanced (lug $ cont6d

&&. If yield not sho"n0 calculate from 1'1 formula for mi%tures. Sol,e for $7 in this formula. Add the 9s for yield.

$7 - &0
&+. !otal mi% "ater "ill )e num)er of sac*s.
1 total
31. Plugback Cementing

times

>(

6 s*) ; N
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PETE 411 Well Drilling