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11 Objectives (1 of 4)
Describe and identify the control options available to operations level responders Describe and identify the control options available for flammable liquid and flammable gas incidents
11 Objectives (2 of 4)
Describe purpose, equipment, precautions associated with control options Describe the applicability and characteristics of aqueous film-forming foam, alcohol-resistant concentrates, fluoroprotein foams, protein foams, and high-expansion foams
11 Objectives (3 of 4)
Identify the location and describe the use of emergency remote shut-off devices on MC/DOT-306/406, MC/DOT-307/407, and MC-331 cargo tanks containing flammable liquids or gases
11 Objectives (4 of 4)
Describe the recovery phase, and the transition from emergency to clean-up
11 Confinement
Keeps hazardous material within area of release Done by
Damming Diking Confining vapors
11 Containment
Stops material from leaking from container Examples
Patching container Righting overturned container
11 Control Options
Solution must be quick and safe Should minimize negative effects on
People Property Environment
11 Absorption (1 of 5)
Absorbent material soaks up liquid release
Vermiculite Clay Peat moss Spill pads
11 Absorption (2 of 5)
11 Absorption (3 of 5)
Effective only on flat surfaces Disposal of used material is necessary Requires close proximity to spill Adds volume to spill
11 Absorption (4 of 5)
Some materials repel water while absorbing spilled liquid Useful to contain oil spill on body of water Spill booms used on water or land
11 Absorption (5 of 5)
11 Adsorption
Contaminant adheres to surface of material
Silica Activated carbon
11 Damming
Used when liquid flows in channel Progress is stopped by blocking channel Three kinds of dam
Complete dam Overflow dam Underflow dam
11 Complete Dam
Placed across small stream or ditch Completely stops flow of material Used for
Basically dry stream or ditch Small amount of hazardous material
11 Overflow Dam (1 of 2)
Contains materials heavier than water Pipe through dam allows water flow
11 Overflow Dam (2 of 2)
An overflow dam is used to contain materials that are heavier than water.
11 Underflow Dam (1 of 2)
Contains materials lighter than water Pipe through dam allows water flow
11 Underflow Dam (2 of 2)
An underflow dam is used to contain materials that are lighter than water.
11 Diking
Barrier, keeps hazardous material in place Materials used
Sand Dirt Loose absorbent Concrete
11 Dilution
Addition of water or another substance Weakens strength of hazardous material Typically used for corrosives Increases volume
May overwhelm containment measures
11 Diversion (1 of 2)
Redirects flow from endangered area
Existing curbs Curvature of roadway Dirt berms Spill booms Plastic tarps filled with sand, dirt, or clay
11 Diversion (2 of 2)
Diversion methods are not as permanent as a dike, and they can be constructed fairly quickly.
11 Retention
Creates defined area to hold material Example: Digging a hole
Allows material to collect or pool
The remote shut-off valve is typically found near the front of the cab, adjacent to the drivers door, or at the rear of an MC306/DOT-406 cargo tank.
The remote shut-off valve is typically found near the front of the cab, adjacent to the drivers door, or at the rear of an MC307/DOT-407 cargo tank.
The MC-331 cargo tank has remote shut-off valves at both ends of the tank, internal shut-off valves, a rotary gauge depicting product pressure, and two top-mounted vents.
11 Vapor Dispersion
Spreads vapors out Thereby lowers their concentration Hose streams Fans Other ventilation systems Consequences should be considered
11 Vapor Suppression
Controls fumes given off by materials Particularly for flammable liquids Example: Gasoline Uses blanket of foam Reducing temperature may also suppress vapor
11 Applying Foam (1 of 4)
Several ways to apply foam
Bounce-off method Rain-down method Roll-in method
11 Applying Foam (2 of 4)
11 Applying Foam (3 of 4)
11 Applying Foam (4 of 4)
11 Recovery Phase (1 of 3)
Danger has passed or is controlled
Danger to people Danger to property Danger to the environment
11 Recovery Phase (2 of 3)
The recovery phase involves clean-up, determination of the responsible party, and implementation of cost recovery.
11 Recovery Phase (3 of 3)
Initial responders may also perform cleanup Commercial companies may perform clean-up Returns exposure area to original condition
11 Summary (1 of 2)
Various factors must be evaluated to choose a control option Sometimes safe perimeter can be created and the problem left to stabilize on its own Control techniques contain, redirect, or lower concentration of hazardous material
11 Summary (2 of 2)
Options include absorption, diversion, damming, diking, shut-off valves, special foams Recovery phase returns exposure area to original condition