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Stratum Strati : tingkat(an) Grafi / grafik : penggambaran Makna Stratigrafi secara harfiah : penggambaran tingkat(an) Dalam arti yang luas (makna dalam geologi) : Penggambaran hubungan (tingkatan) antar (lapisan) batuan vertikal maupun lateral dalam ruang dan waktu
D
C B A
Litostrati grafi
A>B>C>D
CONCEPT OF STRATA
Strata, stratum, beds, layer Stratification/ bedding/ layering Strata as a basic concept in geology Concept of Strata is important in understanding correlation and time relationships Concept of Strata is important in understanding of reservoir rocks and seals
CAUSES OF STRATIFICATION
Strata and stratification is caused by changes in the depositional regime, mechanical energy, chemical of biological Changes are caused by climate/weather, sea level change or tectonics/sediment supply Changes may take place daily, annually or even in millions of years
Statement of principle: Fossil differs according to their geologic ages (stratigraphic position); fossils in lower formations are unlike those in higher beds. Fossil floras and faunas succeed one another in a definite and determinable order (Anthony, 1955, p.89)
Paleontologi
Biostratigrafi
Evolusi
>>
D
C B A
Litostrati grafi
A>B>C>D
Paleontologi
Biostratigrafi
Evolusi
A>B>C>D
>>
A>B>C>D
E () > F ()
Lito vs Biostratigrafi
C
B
A>B>C>D
E () > F ()
Lito vs Biostratigrafi
C
B
Paleontologi
W
Biostratigrafi
Evolusi
Litostrati grafi
Top-lapping
Off-lapping
CLINOFORM DEPOSITION
TUGAS 2 BAGAIMANA PANDANGAN SAINS TERHADAP PENCIPTAAN, DAN APAKAH PENCIPTAAN ITU SAINS ?
TERIMA KASIH