QUESTION 1

DEFINITIONS OF LANGUAGE
Bloch and Trager (1942): A language is a system of

arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which a social gorup co-operates.

Noam Chomsky(1957): Language is a set of finite

number sentences, each finite in lingth and constructed out of a finite set of elements
Michael Halliday (2003): A language is a system of

meaning- a semiotic system

DEFINITIONS OF LANGUAGE
Muharrem Ergin(1990): Language is a natural means to

enable communication among people, a living entity that it has its own peculiar laws, by means of which alone can it develop, a system of contracts whose foundation was laid in times unknown, and a social institution interwoven with sounds.
Language is a purely human and non instinctive method

of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols (Sapir 1921)

DEFINITION OF LANGUAGE
Language is a medium/ tool used for communication. It is

about what human speaks, writes and signals. It brings meaning intentionally and unintentionally.

QUESTION 2

Properties
Communicative and informative signals

Concept
Communicative: signals which we have not intentionally sent through body language

Example
Communicative: A person has cold. (if he sneeze) A cat is mewing. (if he is hungry)

Informative: Informative: signals we use intentionally to I got straight As in communicate something through my exam. language. My father is a millionaire. Displacement Can refer or talk about the past and future time or event, other locations, and things. Can talk about also the events that do not actually exist. However, animal did not have that characteristic. (They only care about now and here.) I celebrated my birthday at Tanjung Aru last week.

Properties Arbitrariness

Concept The absence of any natural or necessary connection between a word's meaning and its sound or form. Different languages can use different signs to refer to one and the same thing. When language tries to mirror the sounds made by animals and objects, this is called onomatop(o)eia. The limitless ability to use language to say new things. Also known as creativity Have no difficulty in understanding

Meaning The rice is burning! (that utterance is just as likely to send the parent hurtling to the kitchen) A flower in English is a bunga in Bahasa Melayu or a hua in Mandarin. Cuckoo

Productivity

Shakespeare wrote his plays in Swahili, and they were translated into English by his African bodyguards.

Properties Cultural transmission

Concept Learn, or acquire their native or foreign language from other speakers. However, many animal is born knowing their entire language system. The discrete parts of a language(phonetic) can be recombined to create new forms. Two separate layers of language working together

Example A child born in Korea to Korean parents but then adopted by French parents in France will tend to grow up speaking French as his/her first language and not Korean. N, b, I Bin Nib

Duality

REFERENCES
Hyde, K. (1998). The feature of human

language.

Retrieved from http://people.exeter.ac.uk/bosthaus/Lectu re/hockett1.htm

Yule,G. (1996). The study of language (4th ed.).

Retrieved from http://staff.neu.edu.tr/~dpopescu/Cambri dge.The.Study.Of.Language.4th.Edition.Apr. 2010.eBook-ELOHiM.pdf