Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 33

WELCOME TO OUR PRESENTATION

GROUP 4 ng Th Hoa (TA40B) H Quc Minh (TA40B) Nguyn Th Kim Trang (TA40B) Nguyn Phng Hoa (TA40A)

RELATIVE CLAUSES - 2
III. Combine the sentences, using all possible forms of relative clauses 1. Tobacco is a plant. Its large leaves are used for smoking chewing. => Tobacco is a plant of whose large leaves are used for smoking chewing. 2. Three students reports were turned in late. The professor told them he would accept the late papers this time but never again. => The professor told the three students whose reports were turned in late that he would accept the late papers this time but never again. 3. The day care center was established to take care of children. These childrens parents work during the day. => The day care center was established to take care of children whose parents work during the day.

4. Louis knows the woman. She is meeting us at the airport. => Louis knows the woman who is meeting us at the airport. 5. The man finished the job in four days. I hired him to paint my house. => The man who I hired to paint my house finished the job in four days. 6. I miss seeing the old woman. She used to sell flowers on that street corner. => I miss seeing the old woman who used to sell flowers on that street corner. 7. I took a picture of the rainbow. It appeared in the sky after the shower. => I took a picture of the rainbow which appeared in the sky after the shower.

8. That is the place. The accident occurred there. => That is the place where the accident occurred. 9. There was a time. Movies cost a dime at that time. => There was a time when movies cost a dime. 10. A caf is a small restaurant. People can get a light meal there. => A caf is a small restaurant where people can get a light meal. 11. Most of the people have been very friendly. I have met them since I came here. => Most of people whom I have met since I came here have been very friendly. 12. I enjoyed talking to the man. I had dinner with him last night. => I enjoyed talking to the man whom I had dinner with last night.

RELATIVE CLAUSES - 3
II. Combine the sentences, using relative clauses
1. There was a time. Dinosaurs dominated the earth then. => There was a time when dinosaurs dominated the earth. 2. The house was destroyed in an earthquake 10 years ago. I was born and grew up there. => The house where I was born and grew up was destroyed in an earthquake 10 years ago. 3. Summer is the time of year. The weather is the hottest then. => Summer is the time of year when the weather is the hottest. 4. Tom is proud of his success. Much of it has been due to hard work. => Tom is proud of his success, much of which has been due to hard work.

5. She usually came to work late. That upset her boss. => She usually came to work late, which upset her boss.
6. He had to borrow some money from me. I didnt like that. => He had to borrow some money from me, which I didnt like. 7. I have three brothers. Two of them are professional athletes. => I have three brothers, two of whom are professional athletes. 8. Thirty people were killed in the ferry accident. Five of them were members of the crew. => Thirty people were killed in the ferry accident, five of whom were members of the crew.

9. My oldest brother has been a father to me. I lived in his house for six months. => My oldest brother, whose house I lived in for six months, has been a father to me. 10. The Caspian Sea is fed by eight rivers. It is bounded by the Soviet Union and Iran. => The Caspian Sea, which is bounded by the Soviet Union and Iran, is fed by eight rivers. 11. We live in a small town. Its inhabitants are almost friendly and helpful. => We live in a small town whose inhabitants are almost friendly and helpful.

12. The mans wife had been admitted to the hospital. I spoke to him. => I spoke to the man whose wife had been admitted to the hospital.

IV. Find out the mistakes and correct them if necessary 1. In our village there were many people didnt have much money. => In our village there were many people who didnt have much money. 2. I enjoyed the book that you told me to read it. => I enjoyed the book that you told me to read. 3. I still remember the man he taught me to play the violin when I was a boy. => I still remember the man who taught me to play the violin when I was a boy. 4. I showed my father a picture of the car Im going to buy it as soon as I save enough money. => I showed my father a picture of the car which Im going to buy as soon as I save enough money.

5. The woman about who I was talking about suddenly walked into the room. I hope she didnt hear me. => The woman who I was talking about suddenly walked into the room. I hope she didnt hear me. 6. Almost all of the people appear on television wear makeup. => Almost all of the people who appear on television wear makeup. 7. My grandfather was a community leader everyone in our town admired him very much. => My grandfather was a community leader whom everyone in our town admired very much. 8. I dont like to spend time with people which loses their tempers easily. => I dont like to spend time with people who lose their tempers easily.

9. I sit next to a person who his name is Ahmed. => I sit next to a person whose name is Ahmed. 10. In one corner of the marketplace, an old man who was playing a violin. => In one corner of the marketplace, an old man was playing a violin. 11. I made an appointment with Dr. Raven who is considered an expert on eye disorders. => I made an appointment with Dr. Raven, who is considered an expert on eye disorders. 12. Larry was very close to his only brother who was a famous historian. => Larry was very close to his only brother, who was a famous historian.

REDUCING RELATIVE CLAUSES


A relative clause formed with a participle and no relative pronoun is called a reduced relative clause.
(George Yule (2006), Advanced Oxford Practice Grammar, Oxford University Press , page 176)

An adjective phrase is a reduction of an adjective clause. It modifies a noun. It doesnt contain a subject and verb. The girl who is sitting next to me is Maria. => The girl sitting next to me is Maria.
(Betty Schrampfer Azar (2004), Understanding and using English Grammar 3rd Edition, First News Vietnam, page 290)

We can only reduce adjective clauses that have a subject pronoun - who, which or that to modifying adjective phrases.

The boy who is playing the piano is Ben.


=> The boy playing the piano is Ben. The boy (whom) I saw was Tom. => (NONE)
(Betty Schrampfer Azar (2004), Understanding and using English Grammar 3rd Edition, First News Vietnam, page 290)

Reducing an adjective clause / relative clause


There are three ways in which an adjective clause can be reduced.
1. Omitting the subject pronoun and the be form 2. Omitting the subject pronoun and change the verb to its ing form / gerund 3. Using infinitives

1. If the adjective clause contains the be form of a verb, omit the pronoun and the be form.
The man who is talking to John is from Korea. => The man talking to John is from Korea. The ideas which are presented in that book are good. => The ideas presented in that book are good.
(Betty Schrampfer Azar (2004), Understanding and using English Grammar 3rd Edition, First News Vietnam, page 290)

Jasmine, which is a viny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places. => Jasmine, a viny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places.
Two out of three people who are struck by lightning survive. => Two out of three people struck by lightning survive.
(From Mrs. Kieu Huongs exercise Relative clauses 4)

2. If there is no be form of a verb in the adjective clause, it is possible to omit the subject pronoun and change the verb to its ing form.
English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.

=> English has an alphabet consisting of 26 letters.


Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome. => Anyone wanting to come with us is welcome.
(Betty Schrampfer Azar(2004) , Understanding and using English Grammar 3rd Edition, First News Vietnam, page 290)

The peoplethe acrobat turn circles in the air were horrified when he missed the outstretched hands of his partner and fell to his death.
A. watched B. watch C. watching D. were watching

In the movie, a teenager..... to pursue a singing career meets resistance from his father.
A. wants B. wanted C. wanting D. who want

(From Mrs. Kieu Huongs exercise Relative clauses 4)

3. Replacing the adjective clause with an infinitive


a. Infinitives can be used after the first/second etc. and after the last/only and sometimes after superlatives: He is the last man who leaves the ship. => He is the last man to leave the ship.

She was the only one who understood the lesson.


=> She was the only one to understand the lesson.
(Thomson & Martinet (2003), A Practical English Grammar - Fourth edition, Oxford university press, page 84)

Notice that the infinitive here replaces a subject pronoun + verb. It could not be used to replace an object pronoun + verb. the first man that we saw the first man to see If that is the subject of a passive verb, we can replace the clause by a passive infinitive. the first man that was seen = the first man to be seen
(Thomson & Martinet (2003), A Practical English Grammar - Fourth edition, Oxford university press, page 84)

b. We can also use infinitives when there is an idea of purpose or permission.

He has a lot of books that he must read. => He has a lot of books to read.
She had something that she had to do.

=> She had something to do.


(Thomson & Martinet (2003), A Practical English Grammar - Fourth edition, Oxford university press, page 84)

NOTES:
1. If the adjective clause requires commas, the adjective phrase also requires commas. George Washington, who was the first president of the United States, was a wealthy colonist and a general in the army.

=> George Washington, the first president of the United States, was a wealthy colonist and a general in the army.
(Betty Schrampfer Azar (2004), Understanding and using English Grammar 3rd Edition, First News Vietnam, page 290)

2. If an adjective clause that contains be + a single adjective is changed, the adjective is moved to its normal position in front of the noun it modifies. Fruit that is fresh tastes better than old, soft, mushy fruit.

=> Fresh fruit tastes better than old, soft, mushy fruit. Fruit fresh tastes better than old, soft, mushy fruit.
(Betty Schrampfer Azar (2004), Understanding and using English Grammar 3rd Edition, First News Vietnam, page 290)

3. We put not before the participle in negative adjective phrase. My parents, who didnt have much money, never went on holiday. => My parents, not having much money, never went on holiday. Id prefer shirts which arent made with polyester if you have any. => Id prefer shirts not made with polyester if you have any.
(George Yule (2006), Advanced Oxford Practice Grammar, Oxford University Press , page 176)

4. We dont use a participle instead of: a verb that describes a single or sudden action

There was a sudden bang that woke me up. There was a sudden bang waking me up.
a verb with a subject that is different from the relative pronoun There are several things that we need from the shop. There are several things needing from the shop.
(George Yule (2006), Advanced Oxford Practice Grammar, Oxford University Press , page 176)

RELATIVE CLAUSES - 4
I. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence 1. Florida, ..... the Sunshine State, attracts many tourists every year. => b. known as 2. The missing mans family is desperately seeking anyone .......... information about his activities or whereabouts. => b. having 3. The publishers expect that the new biography of Simon Bolivar will be bought by people ......... in Latin American history. => c. interested 4. I have always wanted to visit Paris, ........ of France. => d. the capital 5. Have you ever met the man ....... over there? No. Who is he? => b. standing

6. I read about Picasso, ........ => b. a Spanish painter 7. The people ........ the acrobat turn circles in the air were horrified when he missed the outstretched hands of his partner and fell to his death. => c. watching 8. My grandfather, .......... a wise man, has greatly influenced my life. => c. who is 9. In the movie, a teenager ......... to pursue a singing career meets resistance from his father. => c. wanting 10. Little Women, ........ in 1868, is my sisters favorite book. => b. a novel published

II. Reduce the relative clauses if possible


1. Jasmine, which is a viny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places. => Jasmine, a viny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places. 2. The couple who live in the house next door era both college professors. => The couple living in the house next door era both college professors. 3. A throne is the chair which is occupied by a queen, king, or other rulers. => A throne is the chair occupied by a queen, king, or other rulers.

4. Astronomy, which is the study of planets and stars, is one of the worlds oldest sciences. => Astronomy, the study of planets and stars, is one of the worlds oldest sciences. 5. Only a small fraction of the eggs that are laid by a fish actually hatch and survive to adulthood. => Only a small fraction of the eggs laid by a fish actually hatch and survive to adulthood. 6. Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way. => Our solar system is in a galaxy called the Milky Way. 7. Two out of three people who are struck by lightning survive. => Two out of three people struck by lightning survive.

8. Simon Bolivar, who was a great South American general, led the fight for independence in the early 19 century. => Simon Bolivar, a great South American general, led the fight for independence in the early 19 century. 9. Many people enjoy lemonade, which is a drink that is made of lemon juice, water, and sugar. => Many people enjoy lemonade, a drink made of lemon juice, water, and sugar. 10. Few tourists ever see a jaguar, which is a spotted wild cat that is native to tropical America. => Few tourists ever see a jaguar, a spotted wild cat native to tropical America.

III. Correct each of the sentences if necessary


1. She loves parties. Shes always the first to come and the last to leave. => correct 2. Bill, wanted to make an impression on Ann, took her to the most expensive restaurant in town. => Bill, wanting to make an impression on Ann, took her to the most expensive restaurant in town. 3. I think that the children really need a garden to play in. => correct 4. Of all the inventions have changed the world, the most influential has been that of the motor car. => Of all the inventions having changed the world, the most influential has been that of the motor car.

5. CDs manufactured in countries employs cheap labor are less expensive but often unreliable. => CDs manufactured in countries employing cheap labor are less expensive but often unreliable. 6. Even the simple kite, flying by almost everyone, is an example of applied technology. => Even the simple kite, flown by almost everyone, is an example of applied technology. 7. The printing press was developed by Gutenburg changed forever the process of writing. => The printing press developed by Gutenburg changed forever the process of writing.

8. Peter, had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town. => Peter, having been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town. 9. Students attended this school have to wear uniform. => Students attending this school have to wear uniform. 10. Passengers travel on this bus buy their tickets in books. => Passengers travelling on this bus buy their tickets in books.

THANKS FOR YOUR LISTENING !

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi