BM Version

Forward

Exit

Chapter 6 : Sources of Energy

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy Forms of energy Sources of energy Energy changes Identifying energy changes The Sun as the primary source of energy 6.2 Rene a!"e and #on$rene a!"e Energy

Sources Energy sources

BM Version

Previous Forward

Menu

Exit

Chapter 6 : Sources of Energy

%ays to use energy efficient"y 6.& The Importance of Conser'ing Energy Sources The importance of conser'ing energy sources

BM Version

Previous Forward

Menu

Exit

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

Potential Potential energy energy Nuclear Nuclear energy energy Chemical Chemical energy energy Kinetic Kinetic energy energy Heat Heat energy energy

Forms of energy
Electrical Electrical energy energy
BM Version

Light Light energy energy Sound Sound energy energy

Previous Forward

Menu

Exit

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

Potential energy Energy stored in an object because of its location or position

Pushing a spring
Back

Stretching a rubber band

Previous Forward Menu Exit

BM Version

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

Kinetic energy Energy produced by moving objects

moving vehicle
Back BM Version

flying aeroplane
Previous Forward Menu Exit

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

Heat energy form of transferred energy felt as a degree of hotness Flo!s from an area of higher temperature to an area of lo!er temperature

Coo"ing and boiling

Back BM Version

#roning
Previous Forward Menu Exit

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

Light energy A form of energy producing light that help us to see

Lighted bulb
Back BM Version

$urning log
Previous Forward Menu Exit

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

Sound energy Energy produced by vibrating objects

%uitar
Back BM Version

&rum
Previous Forward Menu Exit

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

Electrical energy Energy produced by moving electric charges

%enerator &ynamo &ry cell

Back BM Version Previous Forward

$attery
Menu Exit

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energay

Chemical energy Energy stored in chemical substances such as foods and fuels

Foods
Back

Petrol
BM Version

Candle
Menu Exit

Previous Forward

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

Nuclear energy Energy stored in the nucleus of atom Can be produced through (a) Nuclear fission 'b( Nuclear fusion

Energy
Back BM Version

Energy
Previous Forward Menu Exit

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

Fossil Fossil fuels fuels $iomass $iomass fuels fuels )ind )ind )ater )ater

Sources of energy
Sun Sun
BM Version

%eothermal %eothermal sources sources

*adioactive *adioactive substances substances

Previous Forward Menu Exit

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

Fossil fuels +ost !idely used form of energy Consist of coal, petroleum and natural gas Coal is formed from the remains of plants buried in mud millions years ago Petroleum and natural gas are formed from remains of animals and plan"ton trapped under the seabed millions years ago

Back

BM Version

Previous Forward

Menu

Exit

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

Biomass fuels Consist of woods, paddy husks, dry leaves, sugar cane, coconut husks Produces iomass energy !nergy is released through com ustion or decay
Back BM Version Previous Forward Menu Exit

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

)ind -he moving air caused by uneven heating of the Earth by the Sun $lo!ing !ind moves !indmills to convert "inetic energy into other forms of energy for generating electricity, grinding corns or sailing boats
Back BM Version Previous Forward Menu Exit

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

%eothermal sources -he heat energy of the Earth .btained from volcanos, hot springs and geysers Produces steam to turn turbines !hich drives generators to generate electricity

/olcano
Back BM Version

%eyser
Previous Forward Menu Exit

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

"adioactive su stances #sed to produce nuclear energy An e$ample of a radioactive su stance is uranium %eat energy from nuclear fission produces steam from water to drive tur ines for generating electricity
Back BM Version Previous Forward Menu Exit

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

&un 'ain source of solar energy &olar energy is a sor ed y solar cells, solar panels and solar furnaces and is converted into other forms of energy

Back

BM Version

Previous Forward

Menu

Exit

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

)ater #n a hydroelectric po!er station, flo!ing !ater turns the turbine !hich drive generator to produce electricity #n a tidal po!er station, !ave of !ater turns turbines of a tidal barrage !hich drives generators to produce electricity

Back

BM Version

Previous Forward

Menu

Exit

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

Energy changes Energy can be changed from one form to another
0112 potential energy 0112 "inetic energy
BM Version Previous Forward

0112 potential energy

0112 potential energy

0112 "inetic energy

Menu Exit

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

(dentifying energy changes

'a( *ubbing t!o palms

'b( Clapping

Kinetic energy
Continue

Heat energy

Sound energy
BM Version

Kinetic energy

Sound energy
Menu Exit

Previous Forward

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

#dentifying energy changes

'c( Light candle

'd( *eleasing a !ind3 up toy car

Chemical energy
Continue

Light energy

Heat Potential energy energy

BM Version Previous Forward

Kinetic energy
Menu Exit

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

#dentifying energy changes

'e( Lighting a bulb

&ry cell $ulb

'f( *eleasing a stretched spring

Chemical energy Light energy

Electrical energy Heat energy

BM Version

Potential energy
Previous Forward

Kinetic energy
Menu Exit

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

-he sun as the primary source of energy

Sun Light

4 Solar cells change energy 4 %reen plants trap light energy from the Sun into electrical and store this as chemical energy energy 4 .il rigs are used to get oil 4 -he remain of plants and from under the ground or animals !ill form fossil fuels under the sea after million of years
Continue
BM Version Previous Forward Menu Exit

6.1 The Various Forms and Sources of Energy

-he sun as the primary source of energy

Sun Heat
4 Solar panels collect heat 4 -he Sun heats the Earth and energy from the Sun to the influences the !eather heat !ater produces produces rain !ind Hydroelectric energy
BM Version

)ind energy
Previous Forward Menu Exit

6.2 Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Sources

Energy sources Renewable energy sources : Energy sources t at can be reused suc as water! sun! wind! bio"ass fuels and geot er"al sources #on$renewable energy sources : Energy sources t at cannot be reused or replaced suc as fossil fuels and radioactive "etals

BM Version

Previous Forward

Menu

Exit

6.2 Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Sources

%ays to use energy efficiently &evelop "ore efficient engines of "otor ve icles and "ac ines Make sure t at engines of "otor ve icles and "ac ines are serviced regularly and are in good condition 'witc off electrical appliances w en not in use (se fluorescent la"ps w ic are "ore energy$efficient instead of fila"ents la"ps
BM Version Previous Forward Menu Exit

6. The !m"or#ance of $onser%ing Energy Sources

The sources of energy on Earth are rapidly being used up due to the increasing demand for energy Using energy sources wisely and not in wasteful ways to make sure that these energy sources are still around Use and manage energy sources carefully. For example practise car-pooling or use public transport, switch off electrical appliances when they are not in use, turn off water taps when they are not in use, practise recycling and the reuse of materials
BM Version Previous Forward Menu Exit

The end

Versi B*

)eluar

&ab 6 ' Sumber Tenaga

.! "elbagai #entuk dan $umber Tenaga #entuk tenaga $umber tenaga "erubahan tenaga %engenal pasti perubahan tenaga %atahari sebagai sumber tenaga utama .& $umber Tenaga yang 'apat 'iperbaharui dan Tidak 'apat 'iperbaharui $umber tenaga
Versi B* )eluar

&ab 6 ' Sumber Tenaga

Cara menggunakan tenaga dengan berkesan .( )epentingan %emulihara $umber Tenaga )epentingan memulihara sumber tenaga

Versi B*

)eluar

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga

-enaga -enaga "eupayaan "eupayaan -enaga -enaga nu"lear nu"lear -enaga -enaga "imia "imia -enaga -enaga "ineti" "ineti" -enaga -enaga haba haba

$entu" tenaga
-enaga -enaga ele"tri" ele"tri"

-enaga -enaga cahaya cahaya -enaga -enaga bunyi bunyi

Versi B* )eluar

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga

Tenaga keupayaan Tenaga yang tersimpan di dalam sesuatu ob*ek kerana kedudukan dan keadaannya

+eregang gelang getah +enola" spring

Versi B* )eluar

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga

-enaga "ineti" -enaga terhasil daripada obje" bergera"

Pesa!at terbang Kenderaan bergera"

Versi B* )eluar

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga -enaga haba

-enaga yang terdapat pada sesuatu obje" yang panas +engalir daripada "a!asan yang bersuhu tinggi "e "a!asan yang bersuhu rendah

+emasa" dan mendidih

+enggoso"
Versi B* )eluar

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga

-enaga cahaya $entu" tenaga yang menghasil"an "ecerahan yang menolong "ita melihat

+entol lampu

Pemba"aran
Versi B* )eluar

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga

-enaga bunyi -enaga yang dihasila"an oleh obje" bergetar

%itar

&rum
Versi B* )eluar

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga

-enaga ele"tri" -enaga yang dihasil"an oleh cas3cas ele"tri" yang mengalir

Penjana

&inamo Sel "ering

$ateri
)eluar

Versi B*

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga

-enaga "imia -enaga yang tersimpan dalam bahan "imia seperti ma"anan dan bahan api

+a"anan

Petrol

Lilin
Versi B* )eluar

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga

-enaga nu"lear -enaga yang tersimpan di dalam nu"lues sesuatu atom $oleh dihasil"an melalui 'a( Pembelahan nu"lues 'b( Pela"uran nu"lues

-enaga

-enaga
Versi B* )eluar

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga

$ahan $ahan api api fosil fosil $ahan $ahan api api biojisim biojisim ngin ngin

ir ir

Sumber tenaga
+atahari +atahari

Sumber Sumber geoterma geoterma

$ahan $ahan radioa"tif radioa"tif

Versi B* )eluar

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan sumber Tenaga $ahan api fosil

$anya" diguna"an sebagai sumber tenaga -erdiri daripada arang batu, petroleum dan gas asli rang batu terbentu" daripada tumbuhan yang tertanam berjuta tahun dahulu Petroleum dan gas asli terbentu" daripada hai!an dan pla"ton yang terperang"ap di dasar laut berjuta tahun dahulu

Versi B*

)eluar

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga

$ahan api biojisim -erdiri daripada "ayu, se"am padi, daun "ering, tebu dan hampas "elapa +enghasil"an tenaga biojisim -enaga in dibebas"an melalui pemba"aran atau pereputan

Versi B*

)eluar

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga

ngin 5dara bergera" disebab"an oleh pemanasan +atahari "e atas $umi -iupan angin menggera""an "incir angin dan menu"ar"an tenaga "ineti" "epada bentu" tenaga yang lain untu" menjana ele"tri", mengisar jagung dan melayar"an bot
Versi B* )eluar

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga

Sumber geoterma -enaga haba daripada $umi &iperoleh daripada gunung berapi, "olam air panas dan glasier +enghasil"an stim untu" memutar"an turbin bagi mengera""an penjana untu" menjana ele"tri"

%unung berapi

%lasier
Versi B* )eluar

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga

$ahan radioa"tif &iguna"an untu" menghasil"an tenaga nu"lear Contoh bahan radioa"tif ialah uranium -enaga haba daripada pembelahan nu"lues menghasil"an stim daripada air untu" menggera""an turbin bagi menjana ele"tri"

Versi B*

)eluar

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga

+atahari Sumber utama tenaga suria -enaga suria diserap oleh sel suria, panel suria dan relau suria dan ditu"ar"an "e dalam bentu" tenaga yang lain

Versi B*

)eluar

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga

ir &alam stesen jana "uasa hidroele"tri", air yang mengalir a"an menu"ar"an turbin bagi menggera""an penjana untu" menghasil"an ele"tri" &alam stesen jana "uasa tidal, gelombang air menu"ar"an turbin bagi menggera""an penjana untu" menghasil"an ele"tri"

Versi B*

)eluar

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga

Perubahan tenaga -enaga berubah daripada satu bentu" "epada bentu" yang lain
0112 tenaga "eupayaan 0112 tenaga "ineti" 0112 tenaga "eupayaan

0112 tenaga "eupayaan

0112 tenaga "ineti"

Versi B* )eluar

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga

+engenal pasti perubahan tenaga

'a( +enggesel tapa" tangan 'b( $ertepu" tangan

-enaga "ineti"

-enaga haba

-enaga -enaga bunyi "ineti"

Versi B*

-enaga bunyi
)eluar

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga

+engenal pasti perubahan tenaga

'c( Lilin menyala

'd( +elepas"an "ereta mainan

-enaga "imia

-enaga cahaya

-enaga -enaga -enaga haba "eupayaan "ineti"

Versi B* )eluar

+engenal pasti perubahan tenaga

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga

'e( +entol menyala

Sel "ering +entol

'f( +elepas"an spring yang meregang

-enaga "imia -enaga cahaya

-enaga ele"tri" -enaga haba

-enaga "eupayaan
Versi B*

-enaga "ineti"
)eluar

+atahari sebagai sumber tenaga utama

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga

+atahari Cahaya

4 Sel suria mengubah tenaga 4 -umbuhan hijau memerang"ap daripada +atahari "epadatenaga cahaya dan menyimpanny tenaga ele"tri" sebagai tenaga "imia

Pelantar minya" diguna"an 4 -inggalan tumbuhan dan untu" mendapat"an minya" hai!an a"an membentu" baha di ba!ah tanah atau di api fosil selepas berjuta tahun dalam laut
Versi B* )eluar

6.1 (elbagai &en#u) dan Sumber Tenaga

+atahari sebagai sumber tenaga utama

+atahari Haba

4 Panel suria mengumpul 4 +atahari memanas"an $umi tenaga haba daripada dan mempengaruhi cuaca +atahari "epada air panas menghasil"an menghasil"an hujan angin -enaga hidroele"tri" -enaga angin
Versi B* )eluar

6.2 Sumber Tenaga yang *a"a# *i"erbaharui dan yang Tida) *a"a# *i"erbaharui
$umber tenaga $umber tenaga yang dapat diperbaharui + $umber tenaga yang boleh digunakan semula seperti air, matahari, angin, bahan api bio*isim dan sumber geoterma $umber tenaga yang tidap dapat diperbaharui + $umber tenaga yang tidak boleh diguna semula atau diganti seperti bahan api fosil dan logam radioaktif
Versi B* )eluar

6.2 Sumber Tenaga yang *a"a# *i"erbaharui dan yang Tida) *a"a# *i"erbaharui
Cara menggunakan tenaga dengan lebih efisien %embangun en*in kenderaan bermotor dan mesin dengan lebih efisien %emastikan en*in kenderaan bermotor dan mesin diser,is selalu dan dalam keadaan baik %ematikan suis perkakasan elektrik yang tidak digunakan %enggunakan lampu kalimantang yang mana lebih efisien berbanding dengan lampu filamen
Versi B* )eluar

6. +e"en#ingan ,emulihara Sumber Tenaga

$umber tenaga di #umi agak pantas digunakan bagi memenuhi permintaan terhadap tenaga %enggunakan sumber tenaga dengan bi*ak dan tidak memba-ir merupakan salah satu cara untuk memastikan sumber tenaga mencukupi %engguna dan menguruskan sumber tenaga dengan berhati-hati. Contohnya mempraktikkan perkongsian kereta atau menggunakan pengangkutan awam, mematikan suis perkakasan elektrik yang tidak digunakan, menutup pili air apabila tidak digunakan, mempraktikkan kitar semula dan guna semula bahan
Versi B* )eluar

tamat