Ch.

21: The Furnace of Civil War

Theme: The Civil War, begun as a limited struggle over the Union, eventually became a total war to end slavery and transform the nation.

Theme: After several years of seesaw struggle, the Union armies under Ulysses Grant finally wore down the Southern forces under Robert E. Lee and ended the Confederate bid for independence as well as the institution of slavery.

I. Stalemate in East
A. Union Strategy, 90-day War
1. 2. Military panic at Bull Run Pensive Peninsula Campaign Anaconda Plan
a. Merrimack (CSS Virginia) v. Monitor

B.

Union Strategy is Total War!

1.

C.

Confederate Strategy, Invade North

1. Antietam, 1862
a. b. Emancipation Proclamation Democrats-too far, Abolishionists-not enough, Moderates and Europeans-OK

I. Stalemate in East (cont.)

2. Fredericksburg
a. Burnsides Slaughter Pen

3. Chancellorsville
a. Fightin Joe Hooker loses to force size

4. Gettysburg
a. Lee looking to negotiate peace and foreign intervention. b. High tide of Confederacy c. Meade failure to pursue d. Gettysburg Address

July 1st, 1863

Union Calvary (Buford) Maj Gen. Reynolds Chambersburg Pike Seminary Cemetery Hill

July 2, 1863
Fishhook formation (int) Seminary Ridge (ext.) Longstreets Attack on Union left flank Sickles and Peach O. Devils Den Little Round Top and Maine 20th Ewell right flank Culps Hill 137th New York J.E.B. Stuart Arrival

July 3, 1863
Union Reinforcements Culps Hill Longstreets Attack on The center Confederate Artillery Picketts Charge The Angle and Copse of Trees

II. Success in West

A. Union: Divide and Conquer
1. 2. New Orleans, 1862 Ohio River Valley
a. b. c. Fort Henry and Donelson, 1862 Shiloh, 1862 Vicksburg, 1863

3.

Shermans March to the Sea (War is Hell!) Radical Republicans and C.C. C of War Northern Democrats
a. b. War Democrats Peace Democrats including the Copperheads

B.

Politics of War
1. 2.

3.

Election of 1864-most crushing loss for the Confederacy

III. End of the War

A. Union Forces Push to Richmond
1. Simultaneously attack
a. b. c. d. Wilderness Cold Harbor Petersburg and Richmond Appomattox Courthouse

B.

Assassination of Lincoln, 1865

1. 2. Plot to kill the president by John Wilkes Booth Significant impact on reconstruction

C.

Impact of the war

Map Questions
(use the maps and charts in chapter 21 to answer the questions)
1. Which two states of the Southeast saw little of the major fighting of the Civil War? 2. In which four states were the slaves all freed by state actionwithout and federal involvement? 3. Which two states kept slavery until it was finally abolished by the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution? 4. On what three rivers were the major Confederate strategic points that Grant successfully assaulted in 1862-1863? 5. What major secessionist South Carolina city was not in the direct path of Shermans army in 1864-1865? 6. What major battle of Grants final campaign was fought very close to the Confederate capital city?

Map Answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Alabama and Florida Missouri, Tennessee, West Virginia, Maryland Kentucky, Deleware Tennessee, Cumberland, Mississippi Charleston Cold Harbor