CHAPTER 2

The Planting of English America Top Ten

1. European Transition of Power

English vs. Spanish King Henry VIII (1530) breaks from Catholic church, creates rivalry with Spain Queen Elizabeth late 1500s- spread of Protestantism & seizing of Spanish ships Philip II (Spain) Defeat of the Spanish Armada 1588

2. English Factors
Why

did the English have the desire to move to the New World? Overcrowdness- lack of land, Surplus Population Primogeniture- only oldest sons were to inherit their family estates, motivated to get land in New World

3. The Business of America

Virginia Company Jamestown 1607 Joint-Stock Companies- Modern Corporations Charter of Virginia Co. rights of the British Empire

4. Difficulties in the New World

John Smith -1607 Chesapeake area disease, mosquitoes Gentlemen of Virginia did not want to do work Smiths philosophy was no work, no food

Winter of 1609-1610 known as the Starving Time, only 60 out of 400 survived

5. Indian Clashes

De La Warr arrived in 1610, aggressive toward the Indians First Anglo-Powhatan War (1614) Various attacks, Virginia Company called for constant war until the Indians were eliminated Powhatans destroyed by the end of the 1600s Led to many more conflicts

6. Virginia Chews on their future

Virginia

needed to find a product that would bring economic prosperity for England John Rolfe 1612- tobacco Difficult on soil, led to plantation system Formed the first legislative body, House of Burgesses in 1619

7. MARYLAND

Lord Baltimore (1634) Catholic Haven Act of Toleration

Religious Toleration (1649) for all Christians

8. West Indies

West Indies A. Sugar - Tough to Grow - Labor Force - Import of African Slaves, Barbados Slave Code of 1661, denied any rights to slaves - Brought to Carolina, led to modern slave system

9. Other Colonies Begin to Form

Carolina

& Georgia

B. Carolinas Civil War in England (1640s), delayed colonization, closely tied to West Indies, prominent slavery amongst Indians Rice-major crop, slaves from Africa experienced with rice Charles Town (Charleston, SC) emerged into a major seaport NC, average people between the aristocrats Georgia, Buffer between the Spanish in FL and French in LA James Oglethorpe- haven for debtors, prisoners, belief that they could be changed

10. Iroquois Nation

Upstate New York Five Indian nations Longhouse-primary building of the Iroquois