Pre Shipment Inspection

Mehak Wadhera MBA Sec-B

Meaning

PreShipment Inspection is the process of inspection of goods , just prior to shipment to determine to assure that they meet quality standards, technical specifications and contractual requirements.
Govt of India Export Inspection Council(EIC) Export Inspection Agencies(EIA)

Enforcement
In order to promote exports of quality goods as per the international standards, the Govt of India has introduced compulsory Quality Control and Pre-Shipment Inspection for 90% of items of export under the Export(Quality Control and Pre-Shipment Inspection) Act , 1963.
Food & agricultural products Chemicals & allied products Engineering goods Textiles Coir, jute & leather products

METHODS

Consignment-wise Inspection
Each consignment is subject to compulsory inspection by the Export Inspection Agencies.
Apply through Intimation for Inspection form Deputation of Inspector

Inspection & Submission of Report

Issue of Inspection Certificate/ Rejection Note

Self-Certification
A manufacturing unit certifies its own products & issues certificate for export. Certain conditions have to be fulfilled by a unit to qualify under this category.

In-Process Quality Control

Chemicals & Engineering goods such as paints and allied products, linoleum , ceramics ,printing ink , sanitary wares , etc come under the purview of In Process Quality Control. Certain units under IPQC can issue Certificate of Inspection themselves provided they register themselves as Export Worthy Units with the concerned EIA.

PROCEDURE

Consignment-wise Inspection
Following Procedure is to be followed: (a) Application to EIA : Apply in prescribed Intimation for Inspection form to EIA atleast 7 days before the expected date of shipment. Documents required: 1. Copy of Export Contract 2. Copy of Letter of Credit 3. Details of Packing Specifications 4. Commercial Invoice 5. Crossed Cheque/D.D. towards inspection fees

(b) Deputation of Inspector : After getting the Intimation for Inspection, EIA deputes an inspector to conduct the pre-shipment inspection of the consignment at the exporters factory or warehouse. (c) Inspection and Testing: The inspector conducts inspection on a random basis. He then prepares the report to be submitted to the EIA.

(c) Packaging and Sealing of goods:

If the inspector is satisfied with the quality of the goods , he issues order for packing and sealing. After packing, the consignment is marked & sealed with the official seal of the EIA.

(e) Submission of Report to EIA & issue of Inspection Certificate : If the report is favorable, the Deputy Director of EIA issues an inspection certificate in triplicate:
i. ii. Original Copy is to be submitted to Customs. Duplicate to the Importer.

(f) Issue of Rejection note: If the report submitted is not favorable, the Deputy Director of EIA issues a rejection note. (g) Appeal against Rejection note: The exporter can file an appeal within 10 days from the date of receipt of the rejection note. EIA convenes a meeting of the Appellate Panel. Report is reviewed & if necessary, the consignment is examined again.

In-Process Quality Control (IPQC)

Stage-by-stage inspection of products is done during the process of production. It includes: i. Raw materials and bought out components control. ii. Process Control. iii. Product Control. iv. Packing & Packaging Control.

Self Certification
A manufacturing unit certifies its own products & issues certificate for export. This facility is extended to exporters: Having good reputation & goodwill. Fulfilling stringent norms-product quality, design & development, raw materials & bought out components Having quality control lab, process control, meteorological control & independent quality audit facility.

Exemption
Export Houses & Trading Houses. Approved 100 % Export Processing Zones or Free trade Zones. Goods marked with ISI,AGMARK,BIS14000,ISO-9000. Exporters registered with the Textile Committee.

CONTAINERISATION
-Parul Bansal

Prior to Containerisation
MULTIPLE HANDLING All cargoes other than bulk commodities were moved package by package and piece by piece with multiple handling, resulting in damage, pilferage and time loss.

Conventional General Cargo Vessel

What is Containerisation
It is a system of inter-modal cargo transport using standard ISO containers that can be loaded on containerships , railroad cars/trains and trucks
At the beginning containers were made of Steel frames with either Aluminium , Steel or Fibre Glass.
The 3 common standard lengths 20 ( 6.1M) , 40 ( 12.2M ) or 45 (13.7M) Container capacity of Ships, Yards , Terminals are measured in TEU = Twenty foot Equivalent Units or FEU = Forty foot Equivalent Units .

With the advent of Containerisation

Types of Containers
The exterior dimensions of all containers conforming to ISO standards are 20 feet long x 8 feet wide x 8 feet 6 inches high or 9 feet 6 inches high for high cube containers. VENTILATED CONTAINER 20 Ideal for cargo requiring ventilation BULK CONTAINER 20 For bulk cargoes

Types of Containers ..contd.

TANK CONTAINER 20' For transportation of liquid chemicals and food stuffs DRY FREIGHT CONTAINER 20' and 40' General purpose container

HIGH CUBE CONTAINER 40' and 45' 9'6" High - For over height and voluminous cargo

Types of Containers ..contd..

OPEN TOP CONTAINER 20' and 40' Removable tarpaulin for top loading of over height cargo FLAT RACK 20' and 40' For over width and heavy cargo

PLATFORM 20' and 40' For extra length and heavy cargo

Types of Containers ..contd

INSULATED CONTAINER 20' and 40' For additional insulation of sensitive cargo REEFER CONTAINER 20' and 40 & 40HQ For Temperature controlled cargo. cooling, freezing or heating of foods or chemicals

Door Header Cam & keeper

REAR
TIR Plate

Locking Bar Weight Decal

Guide

J-Bar

Hinge Catch & retainer Handle Hub CSC Plate Handle Gasket Bracket Cone Protector Corner Fitting

Left

Door Sill

Right

Top

Front Header

FRONT

Front Corner Post Corner Fitting Front Panel

Right

Left

Cone Protector Bottom Front Sill

SIDE
Top Rail Ventilator

UIC Decal Height Code

Forklift Pocket Bottom Rail Gusset Bottom Rail

Roof Gusset

ROOF
Right

Left

Front Extension Plate

Top Rail

Roof Panel

Rear Extension Plate

Roof Gusset

Front Sill

Cross Member

Forklift Pocket Straps

Forklift Pocket Member

Understructure

Front Panel

Front Sill Cone Protector Stiffener Corner Fitting

Outrigger

Tunnel Rail

Tunnel Bolster

Cross Member

40/HQ Understructure

40 feet

Roof Panel

Interior
Lashing Ring

Lashing Ring

Front Panel

Left Side Panel

Right Side Panel

Lashing Bar

Goose Neck Tunnel Plate Central Rail Floor

Lashing Ring Lashing Ring

Open Top
Swing Header Hinge

Roof Bow

Open Top ( birds view)

Tarpaulin TIR Cable or Cord

Swing Header Hinge

Open Top ( side view )

Eye Ring & Eye Let

TIR Cable or Cord

TIR cable end-piece

Packing , labeling, Packaging and Marking

Submitted by : Satwinder Kaur Chahal

Why ?
One of the main tasks facing any exporter is to make sure that goods reach their buyers and their final consumers in perfect condition.
Proper packaging and labeling not only makes the final product look attractive but also save a huge amount of money by saving the product from wrong handling the

Packing
Packing refers to the external containers used for transportation.
The shape of packing cases plays a very important role in packing the cargo, and the nature of packing material to be used will depend upon the items exported/imported. As regard specification for the size, weight and strength, care must be taken to ensure that the weight of standard case does not exceed 50 kg for easy handling of the cargo.

Packing

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Packing options
How to package goods for export, with materials such as wood, paper, metal, plastic, glass and textiles commonly used. Loose or unpacked - a common option for large items such as heavy vehicles. Make sure to add a layer of protective packaging.
Boxes or crates - one of the most prevalent options. Various goods are put into the boxes according to shape and size. Less durability is required if goods are also containerized.

Drums, usually made of metal or plastic - commonly

 Wrapping - often used with goods stacked on pallets, wrapping both adds to stability and protects goods.

Pallets - allow smaller packing units such as boxes and cartons to be grouped together. They allow easy mechanical transporting (eg forklift trucks), which eases the process of loading, unloading and warehousing.
Containers - For logistical efficiency, containers are used to transport most export consignments. Containers are standardised metal boxes, often measuring 6 metres long and 2.4 metres deep/wide. The goods inside might still need packaging, but the container offers added protection, and increased security from theft.

Factors to consider when choosing export packaging

Protection Avoiding damage to your goods is the main purpose of export/import packaging. One of the reasons that containers and pallets have become so standard is that they combine efficiency with excellent cargo protection. Security You need to take steps to prevent goods being stolen or tampered with. Containerization helps with this, and using container seals makes tampering even less likely. Mode of transport This may influence your packaging. For example,

 Cost It's a false economy to try to cut costs by using substandard packaging. The standard options eg cartons grouped on pallets and then loaded into containers have become the standard because they're reliable. Waste legislation Many markets abroad have waste regulations that favor packaging which can be easily recycled or has a minimal impact on the environment when disposed of. In many export markets, there are stricter rules on packaging waste and collection, eg the "green dot system" in Germany.. Dangerous goods Regulations for dangerous goods are very specific on acceptable inner and outer packaging.

Labeling
Labeling of a product also provides information like how to use, transport, or dispose of the package or product. It is important for an exporter to be familiar with all kinds of sign and symbols It maintain all the nationally and internationally standards while using these symbols. Labeling should be in English

Labeling on product provides the following important information:

Shipper's mark Country of origin Weight marking (in pounds and in kilograms) Number of packages and size of cases (in inches and centimeters) Handling marks (international pictorial symbols) Cautionary markings, such as "This Side Up."

Do not label boxes with extra information that is not required. If there is no need to specify the content of the box on a label, avoid doing so. Identifying valuable goods contained in a box is an invitation for thieves and vandals. Use coded marks to identify export goods unless local laws prohibit this practice.

 Do not use boxes or containers with old labels Recycling is admirable; however, all old marks, addresses or advertising must be removed or permanently obscured to eliminate confusion for handlers and carriers of your export goods.

 Ensure labels are clear and permanent. Labels must be large enough to read and information must be indicated in the appropriate language. Labels for your export goods must also be waterproof and resistant to the elements.

 Label more than one side of the box or container Consignee marks as well as destination and transfer point marks should be applied to at least three sides of the package. If Canada Post is handling your export shipments, it is a good idea to confirm shipping requirements with them directly.

Packaging
Packaging fulfills a vital role in helping to get you export products to the market in top condition, as well as in presenting your goods to the overseas buyer in an attractive way. While packaging, quality should not be compromised merely to cut down costs. Packaging should also be in conformity with the instructions issued by the importer.

Packaging

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Marking
Marking means to mark the address, number of packages etc, on the packets. It is essential for identification purpose and should provide information on exporters mark, importers mark, port of destination, place of destination, order number and date, gross, net and tare weight and handling instructions. It should also be ensure that while putting marks, the law of buyers country is duly complied with.

What to mark on your package for export - Marking

Required information can be marked directly on packages or you can use adhesive labels, which are often more legible. Ensure markings or labels are durable and water-resistant. Every package in your consignment should be clearly identifiable.

 Make sure your markings are clearly visible. Packages may have goods stacked around them so include handling instructions or labels on multiple faces. Packages containing hazardous goods must be clearly marked - see our guide on moving dangerous goods.

 The marks should appear in a certain order. Essential data should be placed in frames with lines 1.5 centimeters thick, and subsidiary information should be placed in another type of frame. Lettering should be atleast 7.5 centimeters high for essential data, and at least 3.5 centimeters for subsidiary data. If the package is too small for such letter, other sizes may be used, but in the same ratio. Only fast dyes should be used for lettering. Essential data should be in black and subsidiary data in a less conspicuous colour; red and orange lettering should be reserved for dangerous goods only.

Stick-on labels should only be used on individual packages

 The surface to be marked should be smooth and clean. If packages are to be bonded, they can be marked before this is done; the hoops should not however, cover the markings.

The figure should indicate the total number of packages making up the consignment and the consecutive number of the individual package. For example, 1520/15/1 identifies the first package of a total number of 15 packets and 1520/15/15 the last one.
The name of the ship and the bill of lading number should be shown when this is possible. Handling instructions must appear in the language of exporter and importer, and also, if

Thank You