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Science, Technology and Innovation Policy

By Vinay Kumar Sahil Wadhwa

Timeline
1958 Indias first Scientific Policy Resolution.

1983

New policy. focused on the need to attain technological competence and self reliance.

2003

This new policy wanted to Bring science and technology together Bring higher investment into R&D to address national problems.

2013

Yet another science-tech policy. (made by Department of Science and Technology). India has declared this as decade of innovation

2010-20

SRISHTI
Goal of new Science, Technology and Innovation

Policy (STI) policy = SRISHTI.


SRISHTI= Science, Research and innovation

system for High technology led path for India.

STI 2013 POLICY


Released in the Indian Science Congress at Kolkata. use STI for faster, sustainable and more inclusive

growth focus on both STI for people and people for STI. Position India among the top five global scientific powers by 2020 Release more research papers. Encourage private sector to invest in Research and Development (R&D) Achieve gender parity in S&T. (meaning bring more female scientists) Global cooperation, science diplomacy.

Key features of STI policy


Cash power Average global investment in Sci-tech-innovation = >1 trillion dollar (2009) While India barely spends around 1% of its GDP in research, Development, innovation. Therefore, Policy says, well increase the spending in sci-tech-innovation to 2% in next five years. HOW?= via private sector participation, PPP. To increase the private sector investment in R&D, well create a conductive environment (meaning well increase FDI, well give private cos tax reliefs, well reform the IPR regulations and so on).

MANPOWER
Promote the spread of scientific temper amongst all sections of

society.
Try to attract talented and bright minds towards careers in

science, research and innovation.


Increase the number of R&D personnel by 66% in next five

years.
Create environment for women to enter in R&D field. Setup inter university centers= bringing together different

disciplines of humanities and science together.

BUSINESS
Identify 10 sectors of high potential and put more resources

into it for S&T.


Indias share in high tech products is around 8% globally. We

want to double this.


Increase R&D intensity in Service sector, small and medium

scale enterprises.
The investment in S&T is risky. So, We (Government) will

share the risk with private sector, this will increase their confidence.
Provide new financing mechanisms for entrepreneurs

(=loans at cheaper interest rate) so they can venture in R&D without the fear of failure.

CLIMATE CHANGE
Already Development National Action plan for

Climate Change (NAPCC). The STI policy will play active role in this.

PPP
Setup a National science, Technology and innovation

foundation. This will help investing in S&T projects via PPP. Setup large scale R&D facilities via PPP mode. When it comes to giving public funds, well treat private sector R&D institutions at par with public sector institutions.

IPR
Well modify the Intellectual property rights(IPR)

for social goods, IPR generated under PPP.


Well launch Technology business incubators

(TBIs) and science-led entrepreneurship.


Well provide incentives for green manufacturing. For sharing IPRs between Investors and

inventors, well setup regulatory and legal framework.

Participation
Inclusion
Well increase accessibility, availability and

affordability of innovations, especially for women, differently-abled and disadvantaged sections of society.

NGOs
Well give NGOs pivotal role for delivery science-tech-

innovation outputs especially related with rural / grassroot level. Lot of new grassroot innovations are taking place, but they donot transform into commercial applications, well try to bridge this gap. Various ministries associated with socio-economic sectors, are already running schemes for R&D in their sector. Under new STI policy, well try to leverage and

State Government
State Governments are important stakeholders, so well

setup state specific plans under new STI policy and well also strengthen the Sci-Tech councils / boards in the States. Centrally developed plans for investments are rigid. Well provide flexible approach, to fine-tune Five year plan schemes in response to rapid changes in S&T.

International
Well forge strategic partnerships and alliances with other

nations through both bilateral and multilateral cooperation in science, technology and innovation. Modern science requires truckload of resources. So well setup some international consortia with other countries to create high cost global infrastructure. Science diplomacy, technology synergy with other countries.

Public Awareness
People must be made aware of the implications

of particular science-tech-R&D initiatives- be it ethical, social or economic. (so that Jholachhap NGOs funded by Videshi Taaqat(foreign powers), cannot use them as cannon fodder during protests against BT brijnal, Nuke powers etc.)
Release white papers on new science projects to

generate awareness.

Criticism
1: private sector =no social good
On one hand, STI policy wants inclusive Development

and social goods. But on the other hand, it says the investment in R&D sector is very low and well bring more investment from private sector. Here comes the problem: When private sector invests in R&D, their aim is always profitability. Theyre not much interested in delivery of social goods. For example a drug company would rather prefer to do research on new diabetes related drug / supplement rather than some new product to combat malnutrition. Same way, iphone6 vs. clean energy / water recycling.

In this policy, Government says additional R&D investment

will come from private sector = indirectly theyre hinting that we (the State) are not interested in R&D investment because we want to control fiscal deficit. But history tells us that no country, has developed without massive State investment in R&D.

2: Indian private sector is lazy in

research
Government is already giving many tax reliefs to Indian

corporates so they can invest more in research, buying / import necessary machinery without hassle etc. yet they donot invest that much in R&D compared to their American counterparts. We take pride in our IT sector. But our IT sector is mostly involved in the back-office tasks and software coding for international giants like Google, Microsoft and Apple. We dont have an Indian brand of our own, that can compete

Research Development has long gestation period.

Indian businessmen are more concerned with short term gains. Therefore, Government is over-confident when it expects that Indian private sector to invest lot of money in R&D.

3: No lesson from past


The new STI policy doesnt provide any analysis / reason

why the last three policies failed. And what precautions will they take to make sure this new policy wont be another #EPICFAIL. For example, It says India is not investing much in R&D sector, there is need to attract more manpower towards science-research field.all these things have been repeated thousands of times in previous speeches of Presidents and prime ministers and policies.

4: No structural / fundamental reforms


To break the stalemate in research development,

Government needs to fundamentally reform the higher education, the funding and autonomy of universities, IITs, IIMs etc. No amount of private sector investment can compensate the loss through brain drain. (and the Nobel prizes lost because of it). But the STI policy is not much concerned with this angle.

5: Conflicting Goals And Policies


Policy document repeatedly emphasizes that both

economic growth and social good will be pursued through STI. But there are two sets of problems here, Can private sector funded R&D directly deliver social goods? Can science really tackle the social sector problems (gender parity, inclusiveness) on its own, without the

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