A SEMINAR ON

CAPTCHA
ByABHIMANYU SOOD 0902810002 (C.S.E.)
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCEINCE AND ENGINEERING
IDEAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GHAZIABAD [U.P.] (Approved by AICTE and affiliated to GBTU, Lucknow U.P.) 2011-2012

CAPTCHA: Outline

Meaning of CAPTCHA

Origin of CAPTCHA
Different types of CAPTCHA Application of CAPTCHA Properties of CAPTCHA Circumvention/Breaking of CAPTCHA

Reference
Conclusion

CAPTCHA: Acronym

Completely

Automated
Public

Turing Test to Tell

Computers and

Humans
Apart

CAPTCHA: Meaning

Completely - Whole

Automated - Made by machine

Public - Universally known Turing Test to Tell - Test presented by Alan Turing Computers and Humans Apart

CAPTCHA: Example

CAPTCHA: Origin

1997: Andrei Broder at AltaVista wanted to

prevent bots from automatically submitting

sites for indexing

He decided to add a test to the submission page He performed a reverse scan through Optical Character Recognition(OCR) scanner

2000: Luis von Ahn, Manuel Blum & John Langford at CMU coined term CAPTCHA

CAPTCHA: Deciding Human or Bot?

A puzzle or problem that is easy for

humans to solve and very difficult for

computers is given

If the puzzle is solved correctly, you are

considered human and can continue

Also known as reverse Turing TestHuman Interaction Proof.

CAPTCHA: Basic types

Printed CAPTCHA

Handwritten CAPTCHA

PRINTED CAPTCHA

Printed CAPTCHA is difficult to break Lots of algorithms are available to

generate these

Computers cannot identify these easily Two major types are there viz. Baffle
text, Pessimal print.

PRINTED CAPTCHA: Baffle

Developed by Monica Chew and Henry Baird

Uses pronounceable English characters(with

various masking techniques)that are not present

in English dictionary

PRINTED CAPTCHA: Pessimal

Developed by Allison Coates and Henry Baird

and Richard Fateman

Uses the degradation model simulating physical

defects caused by printing and scanning of

printed text

HANDWRITTEN CAPTCHA

Less frequently used because computers can

easily identify the handwriting rather than text

images (OCR Scanners)

Use of transformations by adding lines, arcs, circles etc.

HANDWRITTEN CAPTCHA: Example

CAPTCHA: Advanced Types

Text based

Ez-gimpy
R-gimpy (Google)

Simards HIP (MSN)

Graphic based

Bongo Pix

CAPTCHA: Advanced Types

Audio

based

Face

Recognition Puzzles

Logic

KittenAuth

CAPTCHA: Text Based

Gimpy, ez-gimpy

Pick a word or words from a dictionary

Distort them and, add noise and background

Gimpy-r, Googles CAPTCHA

Pick random letters Distort them and, add noise and background

CAPTCHA: Text Based(Gimpy)

EZ-GYMPY

R-GIMPY

CAPTCHA: Text Based

Simards HIP
Pick

random letters and numbers

them and add arcs

Distort

CAPTCHA: Graphics Based (Bongo)

A visual recognition problem

Two sets of shapes with a distinguishing characteristic

Must choose which set the shape belongs to

CAPTCHA: Graphics Based (Pix)

A database of labeled images of recognizable objects

Randomly chooses an object and displays N pictures of it

Must correctly identify the object Pictures can or cannot be distorted

CAPTCHA: Audio

Pick a word or a sequence of numbers at

random

Render them into an audio clip using a Text

To Speech (TTS) software

Distort the audio clip

Ask the user to identify and type the word or

numbers

CAPTCHA: Face Recognition

CAPTCHA: Logic Puzzles

Easy trivia questions

Example: Which of the following is a bird?

Elephant, Tiger, Robin

Simple mathematical expressions: What is the solution? (2+2)

Its very accommodating to create a big enough

database of these simple logic based puzzles

CAPTCHA: KittenAuth

The Cutest Human Test

A 3x3 matrix of cute animals

Choose the 3 kittens Strategy is to use animals that look similar to kittens

CAPTCHA:- Application

Online polls

Free e-mail services

Search engines Prevention to Worms and spam's Preventing dictionary attack Newsgroups, Blogs, etc

CAPTCHA:- Application (E-Mail)

Hotmail Registration

Yahoo! Registration

CAPTCHA: Properties

CAPTCHA should be automatically generated and

graded for good performance

Test can be taken quickly and easily by human users Test will accept virtually all human users and reject software agents

Test has been able to resist attacks for many years,

despite the technological advances and knowledge of

algorithms, but are they full-proof ??

CAPTCHA: Circumvention (Breaking)

Introducing bugs in the system, so that it

allows the attacker to completely bypass the

CAPTCHA.

Improving character recognition software. Using cheap Human labour to process the tests(impractical in real world), & as done by Humans so the purpose of CAPTCHA still holds.

CAPTCHA: Circumvention (Breaking)

Pre-Processing: Removal of background clutter

and noise.

Classification: Identifying the character in each

region.

Segmentation: Splitting the image into regions which each contain a single character.

CAPTCHA: Conclusion

They are crucial to preventing bot attacks

Hopefully, they will become more user-friendly

to people with disabilities (visual/mental)

CAPTCHAs are mainly produced from Asynchronous Java-script And XML (AJAX) & using a bit of Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) technology

Various algorithms are present

CAPTCHA: Reference
WIKIPEDIA GOOGLE http://captchas.net

Numerous sites that provide various students like us to gather, discuss & help each other http://www.scribd.com/ http://www.slideshare.net/

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Any Queries. ?