DIGITAL WATERMARKING

AN ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL
WATERMARKING IN FREQUENCY
DOMAIN
Presented by
SRINIVAS KHARSADA PATNAIK
ROLL # EI200118043

Under the Guidance of

DR. SAROJ KUMAR MEHER
Faculty in Electronics & Communication Engineering

SRINIVAS KHARSADA PATNAIK [1]

DIGITAL WATERMARKING

DIGITAL WATERMARKING
 Form of data hiding or steganography.
 Hides the message, so cannot be seen.
 Maintains privacy and protects data from other
viewers like hackers.
 It may include hiding of numbers, logo or
signature in the form of signal, image or video.

SRINIVAS KHARSADA PATNAIK [2]

DIGITAL WATERMARKING

REQUIREMENTS

 Perceptual transparency
 Robustness
 Security
 Payload of watermark
 Oblivious and non-oblivious

SRINIVAS KHARSADA PATNAIK [3]

DIGITAL WATERMARKING

FREQUENCY DOMAIN
WATERMARKING
 First transformed to frequency domain.
 Low frequency components are modified to
contain text or signal.
 DCT
 DFT
 DWT
 STFT

SRINIVAS KHARSADA PATNAIK [4]

DIGITAL WATERMARKING

BLOCK DIAGRAM
REPRESENTATION

SRINIVAS KHARSADA PATNAIK [5]

DIGITAL WATERMARKING

 Two techniques for embedding

 Additive
 multiplicative
 I=original image, W=watermark,
I’=watermarked image, a=scaling factor.

I ' = I + (a * I * W )
SRINIVAS KHARSADA PATNAIK [6]
DIGITAL WATERMARKING

DISCRETE COSINE
TRANSFORM
 Real domain transform
 Represents image as coefficient of different
frequencies of cosines.
 Forms the basis of the JPEG image compression
algorithm.
 Watermark
 detection
 embedding
 casting

SRINIVAS KHARSADA PATNAIK [7]

DIGITAL WATERMARKING

DISCRETE FOURIER
TRANSFORM
 Translation invariant
 Modulated DFT amplitude coefficients

| WDFT(u, v) |=| DFT(u, v) | ⋅(1 + k ⋅ W (u, v))

 Makes watermark image content dependent

SRINIVAS KHARSADA PATNAIK [8]

DIGITAL WATERMARKING

DISCRETE WAVELET
TRANSFORM
 Used when a signal is being sampled like
digital signal or image processing.
 Provides sufficient information for both
analysis and synthesis of signal.
 Reduction in computation time.
 Separates image into sub images

SRINIVAS KHARSADA PATNAIK [9]

DIGITAL WATERMARKING

SHORT TIME FOURIER

TRANSFORM
 The signal is divided into small stationary
segments.
 Used to acquire frequency representation of
the actual frames.
 Precision determined by size of window.
 Not a flexible approach.

SRINIVAS KHARSADA PATNAIK [10]

DIGITAL WATERMARKING

APPLICATIONS
 Copyright protection
 Fingerprinting
 Copy protection
 Broadcast monitoring
 Indexing
 Medical safety

SRINIVAS KHARSADA PATNAIK [11]

DIGITAL WATERMARKING

CONCLUSION
 We can work for digital protection by the
help of certain laws.
 Time complexity of watermark signal can
be enhanced by extending the length of
watermark.
 Can be used in any frequency domain that
involves quantization and transformation.

SRINIVAS KHARSADA PATNAIK [12]