A Novel Strategy for Location and Optimum Tuning of Unified Power Flow Controller for Loss Minimization via

Firefly Algorithm

Presented by N. Anand Kiran

OBJECTIVE The aim is to minimize the Total generation cost Reducing losses Improving the voltage profile by optimal tuning of Unified Power Flow Controller

Comparative analysis of results using Genetic Algorithm Firefly algorithm is presented

Contents
Facts Devices Basic Construction of UPFC UPFC Device Model Optimal Tuning Firefly Algorithm Problem formulation Results Conclusion

FACTS DEVICES

Based on power electronic switching converters Enhances -system utilization-power transfer capacity-stability, security, reliabilitypower quality of AC system Complex power systems require new devices for controlling power flow in transmission

BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF UPFC

Consists of two switching GTO converters Shunt-connected Series-connected Both converters can operate in a rectifier mode or in an inverter mode

A DC branch links these two converters by a storage capacitor.

UPFC belongs to the most integrated devices of the FACTS devices group.

It is possible to use these devices for the control flows of active and reactive power

UPFC DEVICE MODEL

Fig : upfc schematic diagram

UPFC

device have been selected to place in suitable location to reduce the losses improve the voltage profiles in power system. Power flow through the transmission line depend on line reactance, bus voltage magnitudes, and phase angle between sending and receiving end buses. it is expressed as

Optimal Tuning
The best parameters that are suitable for the device to minimize the objective function Vvr-Shunt source voltage magnitude Vcr-Series source voltage magnitude

FIREFLY ALGORITHM
For simplicity in describing our new FA we now use the following three idealized rules: all fireflies are unisex so that one firefly will be attracted to other fireflies regardless of their sex Attractiveness is proportional to their brightness, thus for any two flashing fireflies, the less brighter one will move towards the brighter one. If there is no brighter one than a particular firefly, it will move randomly The brightness of a firefly is affected or determined by the landscape of the objective function. For a maximization problem, the brightness can simply be proportional to the value of the objective function

Problem Formulation

Objective Function

Minimize:
Where where is the total generation cost

Constraints

Active power balance Reactive power balance Limits on real power generation

Limits on voltage magnitudes

5 Bus Test System

Total real power losses and fuel cost values at different bus locations using Genetic Algorithm for 5 bus system

UPFC PLACEMENT BUS NO 2-3 2-4 2-5

LOSSES (TL) 10.2003 9.8409 15.8391

FUEL COST (FC) 675.2876 674.8308 678.5583

Total real power losses and fuel cost values at different bus locations using Firefly Algorithm for 5 bus system
UPFC PLACEMENT BUS NO LOSSES (TL) FUEL COST (FC)

2-3 2-4 2-5

7.9778 7.8835 11.1436

684.5803 566.0549 687.2077

Comparison of Voltage Magnitude using GA-OPF without and with UPFC

Bus no 1
GA -OPF Without UPFC GA -OPF With UPFC

1.06

1.06

2
3 4 5
1.1 1.05 1 Voltage 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.8 1 2

1
0.9253 0.9163 0.9112

1
0.9905 1 0.9405
without upfc with upfc

3 Bus no

Comparison of Voltage Magnitude using FA-OPF without and with UPFC

Bus no
FA -OPF Without UPFC 1.06 1 0.9257 0.9167 0.9112 FA -OPF With UPFC 1.06 1 0.9908 1 0.9406
without upfc 1.05 1 Voltage 0.95 0.9 with upfc

1 2 3 4 5
1.1

0.85
0.8 1 2 Bus no 3 4 5

Bar graph representation of losses for GA and FA at different bus locations

18 16 14

12
10 8 6 4 2 0 UPFC AT BUS 2-3 UPFC AT BUS 2-4 UPFC AT BUS 2-5

GA

FA

Comparison of fuel costs for GA and FA with and without device placement at bus no 2-4
WITHOUT DEVICE GA METHOD FA METHOD 800 600 400 200 0 GA FA WITHOUT UPFC WITH UPFC 685.0438 577.4264 WITH UPFC AT BUS 2-4 674.8308 566.0549

Comparison of fuel costs for 24 bus system using GA and FA with and without device placement at bus no 12-14
WITHOUT DEVICE WITH UPFC AT BUS 12-14 1050 958.9296

GA METHOD FA METHOD 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 GA

1227 1190

WITHOUT UPFC WITH UPFC

FA

Parameters of UPFC using GA-OPF and FA-OPF

Method

Vvr

Vcr

GA

1.08

0.06

FA

1.10

0.04

Conclusion
A methodology in determining the optimal tuning of unified power flow controller for real and reactive power compensation is carried out on 5 bus system. The proposed Firefly Algorithm is used to solve the Optimal Power Flow problem in the presence of UPFC. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method with UPFC. The results obtained for the 5 bus test system using the proposed method without and with UPFC are compared and observations reveal that the losses are less with UPFC. The obtained results are supportive and show that UPFC is the most effective device that can significantly increase the performance of the power system and also improve the voltage stability of the power system. GA method was also presented to solve the Optimal Power Flow problem of the power system with UPFC and the results are compared. From the obtained results we can conclude that the UPFC placed in the power system along with Firefly Algorithm enhances the voltage profile and reduce active power loss.

THANK YOU