Parallel Database Systems

PARALLEL DATABASE
Technical Seminar Presentation

SYSTEMS

Under the guidance of :

Mr. Anisur Rahman

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 Parallel Database Systems

INTRODUCTION
Technical Seminar Presentation

A parallel database system (PDBS) is a

DBMS implemented on a parallel computer
which is made of a number of nodes
(processors and memories) connected by a fast
network within a cabinet.
It strives to exploit modern multiprocessor
architectures using software-oriented solutions
for data management.
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 Parallel Database Systems

OBJECTIVE
Technical Seminar Presentation

Problems of conventional DBMS

- high disk access time.
- very large databases cant be supported
within a single system.
PDBS is the only viable solution for increasing
the I/O bandwidth through parallelism & for
storing huge databases in a single system.

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 Parallel Database Systems

ADVANTAGES OF PDBS
Technical Seminar Presentation

High Performance – Increased throughput

(inter-query parallelism) & decreased
response time (intra-query parallelism).
High Availability – Using data replication.
Extensibility – Linear scaleup and Linear
speedup.

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 Parallel Database Systems

PARALLEL DBMS ARCHITECTURE

Shared Memory
Technical Seminar Presentation

 Advantages – Simplicity, Load Balancing.

 Problems – Cost, Limited Extensibility, Low
Availability.

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 Parallel Database Systems

Shared Disk
Advantages – Cost, Extensibility, Load Balancing,
Technical Seminar Presentation

Availability.
Problems – Higher Complexity, Potential Coherence
Problems.

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 Parallel Database Systems

Shared Nothing
Advantages – Cost, Extensibility, Availability.
Technical Seminar Presentation

Problems – Complex, Addition of new nodes requires

reorganizing the database.

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 Parallel Database Systems

PARALLEL DBMS TECHNIQUES

DATA ALLOCATION – Methods that spread the
Technical Seminar Presentation

database across the system’s disks to ensure efficient

parallel I/O.
 Partitioning (Fragmentation) – 3 strategies
# Round Robin – i th tuple to partition (i mod n)
for n partitions.
# Hashing – Apply hash function to some
attribute to give partition no.
# Range Partitioning – Distribute tuples based
on value(ranges) of some attribute.
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 Parallel Database Systems
el
USES OF DATA FRAGMENTATION
 Maximize system performance.
Technical Seminar Presentation

Minimize response time (through intra-query

parallelism).
Maximize throughput (through inter-query
parallelism).
Problems: Skewed data distributions lead to
non-uniform partitioning & hurt load
balancing.
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 Parallel Database Systems

QUERY PARALLELISM
Inter query parallelism – parallel execution of
Technical Seminar Presentation

multiple queries generated by concurrent transactions.

 Intra query parallelism – Two kinds:
#Inter-operator – Executing several operators of
the query tree on several processors in parallel.
#Intra-operator – Same operator is executed by
many processors, each one working on a subset of the
data.

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 Parallel Database Systems

PARALLEL ALGORITHMS
Technical Seminar Presentation

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 Parallel Database Systems
Technical Seminar Presentation

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 Parallel Database Systems
Technical Seminar Presentation

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 Parallel Database Systems

PARALLEL JOIN EXAMPLE

Insert into C
Technical Seminar Presentation

Select *
from A , B
where A.x = B.y ;

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 Parallel Database Systems
Technical Seminar Presentation

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 Parallel Database Systems

CONCLUSION
Technical Seminar Presentation

 The availability of fast microprocessors &

small inexpensive disks is an ideal platform
for parallel database systems.
 Employing data partitioning, intra-operator
parallelism etc., converting an existing
DBMS into a highly parallel one is
relatively straightforward.

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 Technical Seminar Presentation
ational Institute of Science & Technology

AMRITA MISHRA
Parallel Database Systems

THANK YOU!!!

CS200198086
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