TOKEN RING MANAGEMENT.

Technical Seminar Report On

“Token Ring Management”

Technical Seminar

under the guidance of

Mr. R.K. Shial
submitted by

PULIN PRAKASH CS200118039

Presented by : Pulin Prakash CS200118039

TOKEN RING MANAGEMENT.

INTRODUCTION
• Networks move a small frame, called a token, around the network, which grants the right
to transmit data.

• Developed by IBM in 1970 and is standardized to IEEE 802.5.IBM.

Technical Seminar

• It uses a star topology, it is wired so the signal will travel from hub to hub in a logical ring.

• It uses UTP, STP, or fiber optic cable.

Presented by : Pulin Prakash CS200118039

TOKEN RING MANAGEMENT.

TOKEN RING OPERATION

• Networks use token passing protocol.

Technical Seminar

• The information frame circulates the token until it reaches the

intended destination station.

• The information frame continues to circle the token.

• The sending station checks the returning frame.

Presented by : Pulin Prakash CS200118039

TOKEN RING MANAGEMENT.

TOKEN RING OPERATION

Technical Seminar

Basic operation of a Token Ring

Presented by : Pulin Prakash CS200118039
TOKEN RING MANAGEMENT.

TOKEN RING SELF MAINTENANCE

• The machine with the highest MAC address in the network
becomes the Active Monitor all other machines become
Standby Monitors.
Technical Seminar

• The Active Monitor performs Ring Polling every seven

seconds.

• The Active Monitor performs a number of ring administration

functions.

Presented by : Pulin Prakash CS200118039

TOKEN RING MANAGEMENT.

CABLES USED IN TOKEN RING

• UTP or STP cabling is used as a media for token ring
networks.
Technical Seminar

• Token Ring uses an IBM cabling system based on American

Wire Gauge standards.

• Token ring networks normally use Type 1, type 3 or regular

UTP.

Presented by : Pulin Prakash CS200118039

TOKEN RING MANAGEMENT.

TOKEN RING OPERATION USING A HUB

• Token Ring hub changes the topology from a physical ring to
a star wired ring.
Technical Seminar

• The hub automatically bypasses any ports that are

disconnected or have a cabling fault.

• A token ring network uses a Multistation Access Unit also

known as a Smart Multistation Access Unit, as a hub.

Presented by : Pulin Prakash CS200118039

TOKEN RING MANAGEMENT.

TOKEN RING/IEEE 802.5

• IEEE 802.5 specification is almost identical to IBM's Token

Ring network.
Technical Seminar

• IEEE 802.5 Token Ring and networks are basically

compatible.

• IEEE 802.5 does not specify a topology.

• IEEE 802.5 does not specify media type and routing

information field size.

Presented by : Pulin Prakash CS200118039

TOKEN RING MANAGEMENT.

BEACONING
• In every seven seconds the Active Monitor sends a frame to its
nearest active downstream neighbor.
Technical Seminar

• When the packet has traveled around the ring, all stations
know the address of their upstream neighbor and the active
monitor knows the state of the network.

• This packet will cause all computers to check their

configuration.

• The ring can thereby route around the problem area giving
some fault tolerance to the network.
Presented by : Pulin Prakash CS200118039
TOKEN RING MANAGEMENT.

PRIORITY SYSTEM
• Token Ring frames have two fields that control priority:
• Priority field.
Technical Seminar

• Reservation field.

• Only stations with a priority equal to or higher than the

priority value contained in a token can seize that token.

• Access priority of a token or frame is determined by the values

of the first three bits of the access control field.

Presented by : Pulin Prakash CS200118039

TOKEN RING MANAGEMENT.

FAULT-MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS
• Token Ring networks employ several mechanisms for
detecting and compensating for network faults.
Technical Seminar

• The Active Monitor acts as a centralized source of timing

information for other standby Monitors and performs a variety
of ring maintenance functions such as, the removal of
continuously circulating frames from the ring.

• A Token Ring algorithm called beaconing detects and repairs

certain network faults.

Presented by : Pulin Prakash CS200118039

TOKEN RING MANAGEMENT.

FRAME FORMAT
• Token Ring and IEEE 802.5 support two basic frame types:
• Tokens frames.
Technical Seminar

• Data/command frames.

• There are three token frame fields.

• Data/command frames have the same three fields as token frames,

plus several others.

Presented by : Pulin Prakash CS200118039

TOKEN RING MANAGEMENT.

TOKEN PASSING PROTOCOL AND

TOKEN CLAIMING
• Token passing ring LAN protocols define the length of a token
to be 24 bits and the shortest possible MAC frame to be 200
Technical Seminar

bits in length.

• The process of capturing and releasing a token is called single

token protocols since only one token can exist on the ring at
any give time.

• Token claiming process also known as monitor contention

process is the method used in determining the active monitor
on the LAN.
Presented by : Pulin Prakash CS200118039
TOKEN RING MANAGEMENT.

TOKEN RING ERRORS

• Types of Token Ring errors are :
• Frame-Copied Error
• ARI/FCI Error
Technical Seminar

• Lost Frame
• Receiver Congestion
• Token Error
• Line Error
• Burst Error
• Beacon Error
• Frequency Error

Presented by : Pulin Prakash CS200118039

TOKEN RING MANAGEMENT.

CONCLUSION
• The token ring network have various priority schemes and
performs self maintenance and troubleshooting.
Technical Seminar

• It is ideal for applications that require predictability and

robustness, such as factory automation.

Presented by : Pulin Prakash CS200118039

TOKEN RING MANAGEMENT.

Thank you!!!
Technical Seminar

Presented by : Pulin Prakash CS200118039