Global warming begins when sunlight reaches the earth.

As earth warmed up, this solar energy is radiated by thermal radiation or infrared heat travelling directly out to space, thus cooling the earth.

The concentration of green house gases in the atmosphere were artificially raised by humans since past 250 years.

 Global warming is an increase in the average temperature of Earths surface. Since the late 1800s, the global average temperature has increased about 0.7 to 1.4 degrees. Global warming would cause much harm, so countries throughout the world drafted an agreement called Kyoto Protocol to help limit it.

After sunrise, when the sunrays fall on the surface of the Earth, the air near the surface of he Earth is heated , after the sunset the heat absorbed by the atmosphere is radiated back The average surface temperature is 15 degree Celsius. It is about 33 degree Celsius higher than it would be in the absence of the green house effect.

Carbon dioxide :
It is generated by the human activities like burning of coal, wood, natural gas.oil etc. It is also released by animals & human beings during the process of respiration. The trees take in the carbon dioxide, therefore deforestation is also an important reason for increase in carbon dioxide.

18% 5% 3%

11% 9%

11% 4% 39%

Fridge

TV

Fan

Computer

AC

Heater/Geyser

Appliances

Light

India
3.1 24.8 10.2 7.6 53.4

0.9

Coal

Gas

Oil

Hydro

Nuclear

Renewable

NITROUS OXIDE
It is generated due to burning of biomass, agriculture, livestock waste, nitrogen rich fuels.

It accounts for 6% of the gases responsible for global warming.

Gas

Major Source

% Contri bution 50

Carbon dioxide

Fossil fuel & deforestation

Methane

Fossil fuel, wood burning, swamps, cattle, rice, paddies.

16

Nitrogen Oxide

Wood burning, fertilizer, fossil fuel.

06

Chlorofluro carbons & other carbon

Industries, insulation refrigeration.

20

Contribution Of Global Warming by different types of human activities.

13% 24%

14%

Industrial Process Energy Deforestration Agriculture

49%

METHANE
Methane accounts for 16% of all gases responsible for global warming . It is estimated that nearly 30 to 200 million tones of methane is released every year. The main source of methane is rice field.

Chlorofluorocarbon [CFCS]

It accounts for nearly 20% of the gases responsible for global warming. These are non-toxic, nonflammable & highly stable compounds. They are also used as coolants in compressors of air conditioners & refrigerators. They are also use in insulators, fire extinguishers, aerosol etc.

Ocean Life Living Plants

Habitat

CO2 Emission

Impact of rise in temperature of 1.8oC to 4oC

Weather

Crops Human Health

Sea level

Effects Of Global Warming

Human Society

Plants & Animals

Agriculture

Human Beings

Human Health

On human Society: Siberia & Canada might experience increase in temperature from 10 to 12 degrees. The rainfall have increased by 2 to 3% per decade over tropical regions due to high rate of evaporation. There is 2% increase in the cloud cover in middle to higher latitude land area during the 20th century.

On Plants & Animals: The dense Sunderbans in W.Bengal is one of the richest forest in the world Slowly disappearing & eventually die if the current trend in global warming countries. There are rapid rise in global temperature in next 100 years The wetland & coral reef may also undergo decline due to climatic changes

On Agriculture: There may be positive or negative effect on various type of crop in different regions of the world. Soil moisture may decrease, water requirement of the crop will increase & will affect the crop yield. Due to Green house effect, several plants cripple down their size, fruits & leaves.

Source Of Soil Pollution

6 5

5.5
4.75

4
3 2 1 0

2.75 2.5
2 1.5 1.3 1.2 0.5 1

1999 2000

USA

CHINA RUSSIA JAPAN

INDIA

Source: World Development Indictors,2004

On Human Health:
It may lead to changes in rainfall pattern & some areas may become breeding ground for mosquitoes & some other insects which are vector of disease like malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, etc. In low rainfall there will be waterborne disease. Heat waves are harmful to health.

On Ocean Life: It is estimated that there will be rise in sea level by 20 to30 cm by 2030. Due to increase in the temperature, the water expands & require more space. It also occur as a result of melting of glaciers in non- polar regions during the 20th century. Due to global warming the ice extent & snow cover have decreased.

1. Emission targets: The 38 countries would restrict their emission to a yearly average of about 95% of their 1990 emissions. 2. Approving the agreement: By 2004,more than 100 countries, including nearly all the countries had ratified the agreement.

 The first stimulation took in to account both the natural processes & human activities that affect climate. The second stimulation took in to account only the natural processes, & the third only the human activities.

 The IPCC also produced & published results predicting temperature until 2010.

Contributors are: Michael.D.Mastrandrea, B.S, Graduate fellow, School of Earth Sciences, Geological & environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Prof of Biological Sciences.

 Scientists use information from several sources to analyze global warming that occurred before people began to use thermometers. Computers help climatologists to analyze past climate change & predict the future changes.

Mitigation: Carbon capture & storage is an approach to mitigation. Many Environmental groups encourage individual action against global warming. Adaptation: Measures have been suggested for adaptation to global warming. Geoengeeniering: It is the deliberate modification . No large scale geoengineering project have yet been undertaken.