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For example, some beetles are green and some are brown.
There is differential reproduction.
1. All species produce offspring at a faster rate than food supplies can
increase.
2. Except for identical twins, no two individuals are exactly alike.
3. In each generation, more individuals are produced than can survive.
4. Individuals that possess certain traits have an advantage over those
that do not.
5. The environment determines whether a trait is beneficial.
6. Traits are inherited and passed on to the next generation.
7. Over time, successful variations accumulate in a population, and a
new species may appear.
8. Geographical isolation may lead to the formation of a new species.
Mechanism of Evolutionary Change by
Natural Selection
1. A trait must be inherited in order to have importance in natural
selection.
2. Natural selection cannot occur without variation in inherited
characteristics.
3. Fitness is a relative measure that will change as the environment
changes.