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Method of producing wires from rods by pulling through stationary die is called Wire drawing.
Die angle : 12 to 48
(12 for hard materials and 48 for soft materials) L= length of approach (length of deformation zone)
Entry zone:
Friction force(in backward inclined direction) acts on interface when wire is pulled through the die Since friction force is inclined, it has horizontal and vertical components Horizontal- Increases force to be applied in front Vertical- tries to cause failure of die So, lubrication is introduced, and the material is guided to the deformation zone (approach) of the die. Lubricants may be liquid(mineral oils, vegetable oils) or solid powders(graphite powder, glass powder)
Required deformation for converting rod into wire is attained in this zone. Bearing zone(sizing zone) Converts elastic deformation present in material to plastic deformation. Exit zone(safety zone): The zone in which the deformed wire leaves the die tool Back relief, is provided to allow the wire to exit smoothly from the bearing of the die.