Superhydrophoic and suphydrophilic surface

－ Its architecture and applications

Jian Xu, Ning Zhao

National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Outline
1.Background
2.Our Work
 Transparent superhydrophilic and Ultra-hydrophobic
coatings with anti-fogging & anti-reflective properties

3. Application:
 Performance of AR coating on solar cell

4. Conclusion
Background

Cell adhesion and growth

Catalyzing Lubrication

Surface wettability

Self-cleaning Oil extraction

Waterproof
Surfaces with a special wettability
173.0o±2.5
o

Superhydrophobic surface with lotus effect Superhydrophilic surface

with anti-fogging property
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2004, 25, 1606
Nano Letters 2006, 6, 2305

Response to Electrical Potential

Gradient wettability Surface with a reversible wettability

responsive to external stimuli

Langmuir 2004, 20, 5952 Science 2003, 299, 371

 Previous work:
superhydrophobic polymeric coatings

PP-b-PMMA PS-b-PDMS

PMMA PS PC

Macromolecules, 2005, 38, 8996. Macromol. Rapid Commun., 2005, 26, 1075
ChemPhysChem, 2007, 8,1108; 7, 824 Adv. Mater., 2004, 16, 302; 16, 1830.
Previous work:
superhydrophilic inorganic-organic hybrid coatings
Experimental route design
Nanoparticle preparation LBL film UV+ O3 Superhydrophilic film with
With a diameter of 30nm 1 2 antifogging property

The profile image of water droplet on the surface

After step 1 After step 2

Characterization of superhydrophilic surface

The profile image of water droplet on the surface

Outline
1.Background
2.Our Work
 Transparent superhydrophilic and Ultra-hydrophobic
coatings with anti-fogging & anti-reflective properties

3. Application:
 Performance of AR coating on solar cell

4. Conclusion
Surface morphology of the transparent film

SEM image AFM image

Inorganic and organic hybrids film with nanostructure

 Hydrophobic modification
with different silanes

146.5±2.3 147.2±1.3 149.0±1.6 153.6±2.6

CTMS ODMCS OTDDMCS TDF-DMCS

Superhydrophobic & transparent coating

CA : 149.0±1.6º
 Superhydrophilic surface
Antifogging property

coated uncoated

Glass slide holding on a Glass slide in a humid air after

beaker with 80℃ hot water cooled in icebox for 20 min.
Superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surface
optical property
100 T % vs. coating thickness
T ra n s m itta n c e (% )

95

90

glass
110 nm
85 250 nm
370 nm
1100 nm

80
300 400 500 600 700 800

W avelength (nm )
Particle diameter vs. T %
 Particle diameter vs. CA, roughness

14.6nm 18.8nm 7.6nm 7.6nm

CA 140º CA 138º CA 127º CA 123º
Outline
1.Background
2.Our Work
 Transparent superhydrophilic and Ultra-hydrophobic
coatings with anti-fogging & anti-reflective properties

3. Applications in solar cell

 Performance of AR coating on solar cell

4. Conclusion
 Solar energy > 25% for total energy in 2050
 GDP>100000billion （ RMB ）
Based on JRC Report 2004
The First Generation
Where to for solar cell?
The Third Generation
The Second Generation

Thin-film
Bulk

?
An approach enhanced energy efficiency
---Anti-reflection(AR) glass for solar cell

Size （ mm ）： 1580*808*50 Power: 170W

Production Ability: 20,000,000M2/y
 100 Transmittance: 92 ～ 96.5%
in visible spectrum region
transmittance(%)

95

90

A coated on both sides

B uncoated glass
85

80
300 400 500 600 700 800
Wavelength(nm)
The effect of antireflection film on the
power output of solar cell
Incidence angle vs. the power output
0o
30
o

60o

Power increase
3.8-8.5%
 Durability of the AR coating
Item Adhesion Pensile hardness Anti steel Adhesion
wool after Boiled in
80˚C water
for1 hr
Condition 3M tap 1Kg 350g, 3M tap
10 times

Results 100/100 3H ok 100/100 ， no

fogging
Conclusion
 A facile method for fabricating transparent
mulitifunctional film based on nanotechnology
 Superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic modification
render the coating antifogging/self-cleaning properties
 The antireflection film can increase the power output
of solar cell and can product in industrial-scale

Next project
develop AR film on flexible substrate and TFT display
international cooperation
Acknowledgement:
Thank the NSFC and CAS Innovation Project for financial
support.
Many thanks for the colleagues: Taiyue Glass, CEEG
(Shanghai) and Chaori Solar Science & Technology Co., Ltd.

Thanks
Thanks for
for your attention ！
your attention ！

Special issue for ICCAS

Fabry-Pérot vs. refractive index and porosity

n1 (n0  n2 )
A  4 log n1 1.36
n0 n2  n1
2

A ： Amplitude of the Fabry-Pérot finger peaks

n0 ： refractive index of air
n1： refractive index, of coating

n2： refractive index of substrate

n1 = p·nair + (1-p) ·nframework p 21.7%
p : porosity of the coatng .
nframework : refractive index of the framework
 Characterizations of wettability:
What is contact angle, hysteresis, sliding angle?
Young's equation Receding Angle
 sv   sl
cos 
 lv Advancing Angle

Hysteresis : represent for the

hardness of slidding off a
solid surface for a liquid drop
The sliding angle: the
difference between the
Definition of contact angle
advancing contact angle (θa)
and the receding contact
angle (θr))

John&Sons, New York 1990.

Oxford University Press, Oxford 1984 Langmuir 1998, 14, 5292-5297
Future for different types of solar cell
67%

16
14 70%

12 78%
10
GW

8
6 87%
92%
4 95%

2
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
晶硅 非晶硅薄膜 CdTe CIGS Other