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TIPOS DE ORACIONES

PROF. LUIS PREZ

types of sentence
There are basically three types of sentence: simple sentences, compound sentences, and complex sentences (Maurer 2000). A simple sentence consists in a subject and predicate, and sometimes they are called independent clauses.

e.g.: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to reach epidemic proportions worldwide.

Compound sentences are made up of at least two independent clauses joined together by coordinating conjunctions (and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet) or commas, or semi colons.

e.g.:
Ind. Clause Coord. Conj.

Green leafy vegetables show promise, but increasing overall intake of fruit and vegetables is advisable.

Ind. Clause

Complex sentences, on the other hand, consist on different kind of clauses. There are dependent clauses and independent clauses joined by subordinating words or phrases. Dependent clauses might be adverbial clauses, adjective clauses or noun clauses.

Adverbial Clauses
Reason: because, since, on account of the fact.

e.g.:
Ind. Clause

These risks are too high to justify the use antibiotics because a malaria slide is positive.
Adv. Sub.
Dep. Clause

- Comparison: than, as much as, as many as

e.g.:
Ind. Clause

The use of antibiotics is more common today than it was five years ago.
Dep. Clause

Adv. Sub.

- Condition: unless, whether, if, in cases, provided (that)

e.g.:
Ind. Clause

Adv. Sub.

Dep. Clause

We examined whether BMI predicted risk of stroke.

- Contrast: although, though, even though, while, whereas, in spite of the fact that.

e.g.:
Ind. Clause

Patients are sometimes mistakenly treated for epilepsy, although this symptom may be a manifestation of hypotension
Adv. Sub.

Dep. Clause

- Place: where, wherever.

e.g.:
Adv. Sub. Dep. Clause

Where Hippocrates used observation and deduction, Galen emphasized his theories.

Ind. Clause

- Result: so+ adjective + that, such + noun phrase + that.

e.g.:
Ind. Clause

Tea drinkers are so less likely to add milk to their tea that it might explain the lack of correlation between tea consumption and diabetes risk.

Adv. Sub.

Dep. Clause

- Time: when, whenever, before, after, as, as soon as, while, until.

e.g.:
Adv. Sub. Dep. Clause

As one contemplates the advancements of modern medicine, one must wonder at the methods used in the Middle Ages.

Ind. Clause

Adjective Clauses
Introduced by: who, that, which, whom, whose, most of/many of/prep+Relative pronoun.

e.g.:

Ind. Clause

Our prediction rule allows an independent estimation that can be modified by additional data.
Adv. Sub.
Dep. Clause

Noun Clauses
Introduced by: what, whoever, whomever, whatever, why, how, however, the fact that, whether (or not), if.

e.g.:

Ind. Clause

What we try to find is a cure for cancer.


Sub. Adv. Dep. Clause

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