DIALYSIS

Presented by: Pallavi Shukla Khushbu Rathore

Basics of Kidney:

Location: Mid-abdominal portion at the Lumbar Vertebral Level in the backside. Filters 150L of blood per day

Size: 9-13 cm.

Appearance: Bean shaped Weight: about 160 gm

Functions:

Remove Waste products Acid Base Homeostasis BP control

RBC production
Hormone Secretion

Kidney Failure:

Occurs due to damage in the filtering segment - glomerulus or the collection system - tubules. If damage is abrupt - acute kidney failure

if it occurs over a period of time chronic kidney disease.

Kidney Failure - Causes & Symptoms:

Causes Diabetes Hypertension Symptoms Breathlessness & fatigue Dizziness.

KIDNEY FAILURE

Heredity
High Blood Pressure Side effects of medications and radiations

Passage of blood in urine.

Nausea and vomiting. Swelling of face and legs.

Dialysis:

Dr.Willem Kolff constructed the first working dialyzer in 1943. Process of removing waste products and excess fluids from the body. Removes waste products from blood by diffusion (toxin clearance) Removes excess water by ultrafiltration (maintenance of fluid balance) Wastes and water pass into a special liquid dialysis fluid or dialysate

Dialysis

Hemodialysis
Blood filtered using dialyzer & dialysis machine.

Peritoneal Dialysis
Blood filtered inside body after abdomen is filled with special cleaning solution.

HEMODIALYSIS Process occurs outside the body in a machine The dialysis membrane is an artificial one: Dialyser Performed three times a week Each session lasts 3-6 hrs 3 types of access: Natural fistula, Artificial grafts & Jugular vein catheters

PERITONEAL DIALYSIS Process occurs insude the body

The dialysis membrane is the person's own peritoneum PD needs to be done every day between 1 and 8 hours Access is by PD catheter, a soft plastic tube.

Principle:

Advantages & Disadvantages:

Advantages No major surgery needed. No waiting lists it prevents people dying. Disadvantages Diet needs to be controlled carefully. Takes about 8 hours, several times a week. Dialysis cannot replace all the functions of a kidney

KIDNEY DIALYSIS

Steps in Dialysis:

PRE-DIALYSIS:
Machine consists of a computer, CRT, a pump, and facility for disposable tubing and filters. Filters are cylindrical, clear plastic outside with the filter material inside.

Before the procedure patient is carefully weighed & Standing and sitting blood pressures are taken.
Outflow of blood from the patient at any given time is visible. This facilitates troubleshooting & detection of clotting. Access is set up , for patients with a fistula , this means inserting two large gauge needles into the fistula.

 DURING DIALYSIS:

The pump and a timer are started. Blood pressure is taken periodically. Patients are on moderate to severe fluid restrictive diet since kidney failure usually includes an inability to properly regulate fluid levels in the body.

POST-DIALYSIS:

Patient is disconnected from the plumbing - blood lines. Needle wounds are bandaged with gauze, held for up to 1 hour with direct pressure to stop bleeding, and then taped in place. Temperature, standing and sitting blood pressure, and weight are all measured again.

Conclusion:

Dialysis is a method of removing toxic substances.

It is used for patients who have kidney failure.

Diet needs to be controlled carefully.

No major surgery needed.

Dialysis cannot replace all the functions of a kidney.

Thank You