Southeast Asia, South Asia, Austral and Pacific Realm, and the Middle East
(Lectures 9-12) April 27, 2014
FINAL EXAM:
Tuesday May 6 4:00 6:00 p.m. ICC Building
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia Map
Myanmar (Burma) Thailand Laos Vietnam Cambodia Philippines Malaysia Indonesia Singapore Brunei East Timor
Geography Mainland Melting from Himalayan Mountains creates rivers that flow south (Chao Phraya, Irrawaddy, Mekong, Red) River basins surplus longstanding kingships
Maritime Earthquakes because of tectonic plate collisions Fragmentation of societies
Thailand (Example from Mainland SEA)
Never foreign occupied King Bumibol respected but getting older Yellow Shirts (Pro monarchy, middle class, military, minority) Red Shirts (rural Northern Thai majority, poor, rally around Thaksin Shinawatra) Yingluck Shinawatra won 2011 prime minister elections; but the yellow shirts provided resistance
Indonesia and Philippines (Examples from Maritime SEA)
Indonesia Over 17,500 islands Unification process initiated by Dutch East India company Sukarno
Philippines Luzon Catholicism Mindanao Islam Conflict unresolved
INDONESIA Borneo Celebes Java
Sumatra
Outside Powers in SEA
History of outside influence (Japan, Vietnam War, China) Senkaku Islands Spratly and Parcel Islands
South Asia
Geography and Effects
Monsoons Tectonic Plate collision India slammed into Asia with a continent-continent collision Durand Line mapped by a British secretary, and currently represents the Afghanistan/Pakistan border, but it is unclear and not recognized Khyber Pass Gap within the Hindu Kush mountain range that allows for communication between Pakistan and Afghanistan
Afghanistan and Outside Control
Pashtuns = dominant ethnic group in Afghanistan living on eastern border, divided by physical conditions Great Britain (1841, 1880, 1919) Soviet Union (1979 to 1989) Mujahedeen opposition Taliban was a student subgroup of the Mujahedeen
USA (9-11 to present)
Pakistan Eastern center of economy and population Western area is difficult to control and home to Taliban Pakistan as a way to pull U.S. troops out of Afghanistan
India British Raj (1858 -1947) 1858 British government takes control of region from British East India Company 1947 country is partitioned and huge population exchange Deep religious animosities 1984 Indira Gandhi assassination 1942 Hindus destroy Mughal Mosque
Kashmir 1947: Hindu provincial leader but Muslim majority Currently occupied by forces from India, Pakistan and China Local Muslim population is demanding a vote to determine who the region belongs to
Austral and Pacific Realm
Agriculture and Movement in the Pacific
Independent development of agriculture based on yam and taro on the Island of Papua Austronesians and movement across the Pacific The sweet potato (Kumara) story
Mau Piailug
Easter Island One of the most remote islands in the world Within Polynesia island group Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen arrived in 1722 Famous for giant heads
New Zealand Indigenous Maori people Slash and burn agriculture Crosby argument impact of Europeans
Middle East
Inequalities in Water and Oil
Water Anatolian Plateau and Zagros Mountains are highland sources of water Tigris and Euphrates Ataturk Dam
Oil and Gas
Reasons for abundance in Gulf area Saudi Arabia and Iran
Side note: Members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Algeria Angola Ecuador Iran Iraq Kuwait Libya Nigeria Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Venezuela
Saudi Arabia Monarchy started with King Ibn Saud and alliance with Sunni-Wahhabis (1932) Arab Sunni Status quo Pro-U.S.
Iran 1979 Revolution: Shah Pahlavi Ayatollah Khomeini (first Supreme Leader) Islamic Republic Persian Shia Revolutionary Anti-U.S.
Clashes between Saudi Arabia and Iran
In Syria Sunni majority arms provided by Saudi Arabia Bashar al-Assad (Alawite) (~Shia minority government) arms provided by Iran
In Iraq Sunni population in western Iraq is supported by Saudi Arabia Iranian support for Shia government
Further Review Map Quiz Game Show in Sellinger on April 28th, 6-8pm Additional review sessions (2:00pm- 3:00pm) Monday, April 28th, ICC 115 Lectures 6-8 Tuesday, April 29th, ICC 116 Lectures 3-5 Wednesday, April 30th, ICC 116 Lectures 1-2 and 13-14
Sporcle quizzes for capitals An almost complete map of selected rivers, mountains, cities, and lakes: https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=205309172433222736 897.000485f98f366feb217c5&msa=0&dg=feature
Email kmw227@georgetown.edu with further questions
