-DIPALI A.

INGOLE
(Roll no.13PE005) ME(PE&D)

INTRODUCTION:
Recently , on January 12,2010 , a huge earthquake registering a magnitude of 7.0 on the Richter scale, struck the Caribbean island nation of Haiti. Haiti has a history of destructive earthquakes but

this was the worst in 200 years

PREVIOUS EARTHQUAKE ON THE ISLAND:

1751-almost all masonry buildings completely collapsed 1770-magnitude 7.5;over 200 people killed

1842-10,000 people killed

1946-magnitude 8.0;1600 people killed in Haiti

HOW EARTHQUAKE OCCURE:

An earthquake happens after a sudden release of energy in the Earths crust that creates seismic waves.

Haiti lies close to the boundary of two tectonic plates

The Caribbean plate is shifting by about 20mm A

year relative to the North American plate

Continue
The earthquake was located 113 miles from the

plate boundary between the Caribbean plate and the north American plate

IMMEDIATE DAMAGE:
Medical facilities were badly affected, with some hospitals destroyed
Energy supplies were disrupted

Roads were blocked

The international airport was unable due to control-tower damaged

The public telephone system was knocked out, with no signal for mobile phones and no internet

Haiti's presidential palace before (top) and after the earthquake :

AFTERSHOCKS:
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) recorded

eight aftershocks in the two hours after the main earthquake, with magnitudes between 4.3 and 5.9. Within the first nine hours 32 aftershocks of magnitude 4.2 or greater were recorded, 12 of which measured magnitude 5.0 or greater, and on 24 January reported that there had been 52 aftershocks measuring 4.5 or greater since 12 January quake. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center issued a tsunami warning immediately after the initial quake, Nearly two weeks later the beach of the small fishing town of Petit Paradis was hit by a localized tsunami wave shortly after the earthquake

GENERAL INFRASTRUCTURE:
In February 2010 Prime Minister Jean-Max

Bellerive estimated that 250,000 residences and 30,000 commercial buildings were severely damaged and needed to be demolished The deputy mayor of Leogane reported that 90% of the town's buildings had been destroyed About half the nation's schools and the three main universities in Port-au-Prince were affected. More than 1,300 schools and 50 health care facilities were destroyed.

CONDITION IN AFTERMATH:
People took sleeping on the streets, on pavements

or in cars because their homes had been flattened, or they feared remaining buildings would collapse due to aftershocks A few days after the earthquake the government handed a control of airport to US authorities to try to speed up aid effort By 16 Jan, US helicopters were beginning to distribute aid to hard-to-reach places In the heat and humidity, decomposing corpses in the rubble began to smell

CASUALITIES:
No. of deaths: 2,22,570
No. of people injured:300000 No. of people destroyed:97,294

Houses damaged:1,88,383
Estimated economic loss:$7.8 billion

EARLY RESPONSE:
Many countries responded to the appeals and launched fund-raising efforts, as well as sending search and rescue teams. The neighboring Dominican Republic was the first country to give aid to Haiti, sending water, food and heavy-lifting machinery. The government sent eight mobile medical units along with 36 doctors. In addition, 39 trucks

carrying canned food were dispatched, along with 10 mobile kitchens and 110 cooks capable of producing 100,000 meals per day.

RESCUE AND RELIEF EFFORTS:

Quickly after the event, aeroplanes arrived from Island, China and Qatar with tonnes of aid materials. Within 24 hours a medical team from Island had come A 50 strong Chinese team followed Qatar and Israel sent teams to set up field hospitals Many countries including the UK, offered financial aid

Status of recovery
Six months after the quake as much as 98 % of the rubble remained unclear. The number of people in relief camps of tents since the quake was 1.6 million, and almost no transitional housing had been built. Most of the camps had no electricity, running water, and the tents were beginning to fall apart.

By the end of 2010, more than 3,333 had died at a rate of about 50 deaths a day.

 2011-only 5% of the rubble has been cleared and only 15 % of the required basic and temporary houses have been built. 2012- recovery was hampered due to Tropical Storm Isaac impacting Haitis southern peninsula.

2013- 1.5 million Haitians living in camps following the quake,

15% of the camps had no basic protection

services and 48% no health services. Many camps remained at a risk for flooding.

Public Health Dangers of Haiti Earthquake

Potential breakdowns in sanitation Difficult access to clean water

Problems with housing and subsequent crowding

Dangers of tropical diseases outbreak Malnutrition

Causes:
Most houses poorly constructed, building codes not properly followed
Dense urban environment

Lack of earthquake preparation(alarm system)

Lack of proper rescue and relief

Social Impact
The social impact is the deaths and

homelessness and the injuries. during earthquake about 100,000 people were killed Many people are injured and might die do to lake of hospitalization and health insurance.

Economic impact
One of the least expensive ways to build a home

is with concrete. The most likely way to die in an earthquake is from something heavy falling on you Many of the building in Haiti are build of concrete Because of the poorness in the country they do not have a strong building foundation that hold the building up during these kind of cases and not falling and increases the chances of more deaths

Reducing Earthquake Risk

preventing construction on hilly ground so that buildings will not fall on top of each other buildings should be designed to take maximum shaking columns need to be strong, while windows and doors should be regularly spaced. there should be regular drills in schools and elsewhere to teach the safest response during an earthquake

Thank you