Table 24.

1: Range of Validity of the

Models
Correlation Pressure Range
(MPa)
Mass Flow Range
(kg/m
2
s)
Quality Range Geometry
AECL-UO Table 0.120.0 0.07500 0.51.0 Rod bundle
Bowring (1972) 0.219.0 13618600 All values Round tube
Biasi (l967) 0.314.0 1006000 0.01.0 Round tube
CISE (1965) 4.015.0 1004000 0.01.0 Round tube
CONDIE (1978) 3.017.0 704700 0.11.0 Rod bundle
Zuber (1977) All values Low G 0.01.0 Short annulus
2
CHF Look-Up Table Approach
AECL-UO CHF look-up table
The CHF look-up table was formulated from 15000 data points
To provide a three-dimensional table with 4410 points
In a three-dimensional array covering 15 values of pressure (P),14 values of
mass flux (G) and 21 values of equilibrium qualities (X)
The method to calculate the value of CHF for a given P, G and X is the following
(See Fig. 24.5)
Four pressure interpolations are made to find the value of CHF at c1, c2, c3, c4
Next, two mass flux interpolations are made to find c5 and c6
Lastly, the quality interpolation is made
3
CHF Look-Up Table Approach
Although the standard CHF table is derived for very specific case, viz., upward flow
in a uniformly heated 8 mm tube
It is possible to use for many other geometries and flow conditions, like non-
uniformly heated geometry, flow in bundle geometry, etc.
For these cases, the CHF table values must be multiplied by correction factors
k
1
k
8
(called k-factors)
The table lists the recommended values for these factors
Extrapolation outside the CHF table conditions is usually not needed as the table
covers a wide range of conditions
4
CHF Look-Up Table Approach
If the CHF conditions P
0
, G
0
, X
0
fall outside the range of the table, the
following approach is used
For G
0
< 0, the k
6
factor is used
For g
0
>7500kg/m
2
*s, the CHF(G
0
) = CHF(7500 kg/m
2
*s)
For X
0
> 1, we have post CHF conditions (the maximum dryout quality is 1.0)
For X
0
< O.5 linear extrapolation of experimental trends is used
For P
0
< 0.1MPa or Po > 20MPa



Where
P
k
= 0.1MPa for P
0
< 0.1MPa
P
k
= 20 MPa for P
0
> 20MPa
5
(24.7)
(24.8 a)
(24.8 b)
k
P
g fg g
P
g fg g
o o k
H
H
X G P CHF X G P CHF
(

=
4
1
1
0
4
1
1
0 0 0
) (
) (
) , , ( ) , , (
o
o
CHF Look-Up Table Approach
Fig. 24.5: Look-Up Table CHF Interpolation Technique
6
Table 24.2: CHF Look-Up Table
Approach
7
Factor Form Comments
K
1
= Hydraulic
factor
Includes the observed diameter
effects on CHF
K
2
= Bundle
factor
X = Quality
K
3
= Grid
spacer factor
K = Grid loss factor
L
SD
= Distance between the
grid
D
hv
= Hydraulic diameter
G = Mass flow
m D for k
m D m for
D
k
hc
hc
hc
016 . 0
016 . 0
008 . 0
016 . 0 002 . 0
008 . 0
3
1
1
3
1
1
> |
.
|

\
|
=
< <
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
walls other for k
e k
x
1
8 . 0 , 8 . 0 min
2
3
1
5 . 0
2
=
(
(
(

=
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

1 . 0
1000
5 . 1
1
2 . 0 5 . 0
3
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
+ =
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|

B
G
K A
Ae k
hv
D
SD
L
B
Table 24.2: CHF Look-Up Table
Approach
Factor Form Comments
K
4
= Hydraulic
factor
L = Heated length to point in
question

X = Quality
K
5
= Axial
power factor
q
bla
= Average flux from start of
boiling to point in question q
local
= Local flux
K
6
=
Horizontal
flow factor
K
6
= 0.0 for G1<G (stratified flow)
K
6
= 1 for G>G2 (unstratified flow)


K
6
= 1 for vertical flow
G
1
,G
2
determined from flow
regime maps
(

+
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
) 1 (
1
4
X X
X
L
D
e k
g
e
hc

o
o
0 1
5
5
< =
=
x f or k
q
q
k
local
bla
) flow ate (intermedi
2 1
1 2
1
6
G G G for
G G
G G
k
< <

=
8
Table 24.2: CHF Look-Up Table
Approach
Factor Form Comments
K
7
= Vertical
flow factor
k
7
=1.0 for G< 400 kg/m
2*s
or G>100
kg/m
2*s
k
7
=(1-o)C
1
For 50<G<10kg/m
2
*s where
o<0.8 C
1
=1.0



For 10<G<100 or 400<G< 50
interpolate
g
l
g
l
C

o o

o
) 1 (
2 . 0 8 . 0
, 8 . 0
1
+
+
= >
9
Table 24.2: CHF Look-Up Table
Approach
Factor Form Comments
K
8
= Pressure
out of range
factor
Where
P
k
= 0.1MPa for P
0
<0.1MPa
P
k
= 20MPa for P
0
>20 MPa
10
( )
k
p
g
fg
g
g
l
l
p
fg
H
H
k
(
(

|
.
|

\
|

(

=
4
1
1
8
0
4
1
o
o
Bibliography
1. Heat and Mass Transfer by R.K. Rajput
2. Heat and Mass Transfer by M. Rathore
3. PWR Thermal Hydraulics by L.S. Tony
4. BWR Thermal Hydraulics by R.T. Lahey Jr.
5. Nuclear Heat Transport by El Wakil
6. Two-Phase Flow and Heat Transfer by J.G.Collier
7. Two-Phase Flow by Graham Wallis
8. Heat and Mass Transfer by P.K. Nag



11