Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Wide access
Precision
Repetition
Mechanical efficiency
Aids control
Permanent record
Legal Evidence
Lengthy message
Fixed responsibility
Convenience
Limitations
Time consuming
Costly
Lack of secrecy
Rigidity
Impersonal
Delayed feedback
2. Oral communication
Oral communication is spoken communication, can be
face to face , telephonic, public speaking etc.
1. Poor retention
2. No record
3. Time Consuming
4. Misunderstanding
5. Cannot communicate lengthy messages
6. Lack of responsibility
7. Imprecise
How to make Oral Communication
effective?
Clarity
Brevity
Precision
Right words
Avoid clichés
Understand the listener
Natural voice
Logical sequence
Conviction
Comparison
Oral Written
1. With personal touch 1. Without personal touch
2.Fast 2. Slow
3. Flexibility High 3. Flexibility Low
4. No record 4.Permanent
5. Cost Low 5. Cost High
6.Gestures can be used 6. Gestures cannot be
7.Immediate used
8. For short and simple 7. Feedback delayed
message 8. For Lengthy messages
3. NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
“He who has an ear to hear and eye to see can tell
that no mortal can keep a secret. If his lips are
silent he chatters with his fingers, betrayal oozes
out of him at every pore.”
Non verbal communication is important for managers:
• Facial expression
• Posture and gestures
• Appearance of people
Forms of Nonverbal
Communication
• Time
• Space
• Territory
• Appearance of documents
How can these nonverbal forms be used to send
positive messages?
BODY LANGUAGE
If your words say one thing and your body another then
people will believe your body, not your words.
Figure includes:
– Your posture
– Your demeanor and gestures
– Your clothes and accessories such as
jewellery
What message are you sending if you are looking at other things and
people in a room when someone is speaking to you?
What message are you sending if you are looking at other things and
people in a room when someone is speaking to you?
Body language - face
Face includes:
– Your expressions
– Your smile or lack thereof
– Tilt of the head; e.g., if your head is tilted
to one side, it usually indicates you are
interested in what someone is saying
Limitations of Paralanguage
1. Just like a language and not a language
2. Speaker should be open minded
Body language - tone