CHAPTER 8

Operational Amplifiers (OP-AMP)

Introduction to Electronics
Ref: Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory
Boylestad
OP-AMP
Common Op-Amp
Applications
YTU-Dep. Electrical Eng. / Introduction to Electronics
1. Constant-gain amplifier
2. Voltage summing
3. Voltage buffer
4. Controlled sources
5. Instrumentation circuits
6. Active filters
OP-AMP
Constant Gain Amplifier
YTU-Dep. Electrical Eng. / Introduction to Electronics
1
R
R
A
f
V
=
1
1
R
R
A
f
V
+ =
Inverting
Amplifier
Non-inverting
Amplifier
OP-AMP
Voltage Summing
YTU-Dep. Electrical Eng. / Introduction to Electronics
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + =
3
3
2
2
1
1
V
R
R
V
R
R
V
R
R
V
f f f
o
OP-AMP
Voltage Buffer
(Follower)
YTU-Dep. Electrical Eng. / Introduction to
Electronics
1 = =
i
O
V
V
V
A
i O
V V =
OP-AMP
Current-Controlled
Current Source
YTU-Dep. Electrical Eng. / Introduction to Electronics
in
in
f
out
in
f
out
in
in
f
out
R
V
R
V
R R
V
R
V
V
R
R
V
=
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
2 1
//
kI
R
R
I I
R
R R
R
V
I
R R
R R
V I
R R
V
I
o
in
o
in o
in
o
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
|
|
.
|

\
| +
=
|
|
.
|

\
|

+
=
=
2
1
2
2 1
1
2 1
2 1
2 1
1
//
OP-AMP
Low-Pass Filter,
First-Order
YTU-Dep. Electrical Eng. / Introduction to Electronics
1 1
2
1
C R
f
OH
=
1
1
R
R
A
f
v
+ =
The upper cutoff
frequency and voltage
gain are given by:
OP-AMP
Low-Pass Filter,
Second-Order
YTU-Dep. Electrical Eng. / Introduction to Electronics
The roll-off can be made steeper by adding more RC networks.
OP-AMP
High-Pass Filter
YTU-Dep. Electrical Eng. / Introduction to Electronics
The cutoff frequency is determined by:
1 1
2
1
C R
f
OL
=
OP-AMP
Band-Pass Filter
YTU-Dep. Electrical Eng. / Introduction to Electronics
There are two cutoff frequencies:
upper and lower. They can be
calculated using the same low-pass
cutoff and high-pass cutoff frequency
formulas in the appropriate sections.
YTU-Dep. Electrical Eng. / Introduction to Electronics
OP-AMP
Question-1
R
1
: 2.2 k

R
f
: 220 k

V
s
: 100 Sinwt (mV)

V
cc
: 12V
YTU-Dep. Electrical Eng. / Introduction to Electronics
OP-AMP
Question-1
YTU-Dep. Electrical Eng. / Introduction to Electronics
OP-AMP
Question-2
R
1
: 2.2 k

R
f
: 220 k

V
s
: 100 Sinwt (mV)

V
cc
: 9V
YTU-Dep. Electrical Eng. / Introduction to Electronics
OP-AMP
Question-2
YTU-Dep. Electrical Eng. / Introduction to Electronics
OP-AMP
Question-3
R
1
: 33 k
R
2
: 22 k
R
3
: 12 k

R
f
: 330 k

V
1
: +0.2 (V)
V
2
: -0.5 (V)
V
3
: +0.8 (V)

V
cc
: 15V
YTU-Dep. Electrical Eng. / Introduction to Electronics
OP-AMP
Question-3