Phonics

IPA, Phonics


Jolly Phonics,
ABC Pathway


sound recognitionblending
e.g. /a/ , /m/, /p/
/m/ /ap/, /ma/ /p/, /m//a//p/



a-z
e.g. a-z short vowel a,e,i,o,u,
single Consonants: b, d, f, g, m...
ea, ee, ai, oi, igh, oa


a-z











(drilling)


What is Phonics
A way of teaching reading and spelling that
stresses symbol-sound relationship
It is the understanding that there is a
predictable relationship between the letters
(graphemes) of written language and the
individual sounds (phonemes) of spoken language
Phoneme to Grapheme Relationships
/:/
bird
nurse
/i:/
//
tea, bear
One-to-many relations
Many-to-one relations
/d/
d
/b/ b
One-to-one relations
Phoneme Grapheme
//
pain
day
Purposes of
Phonics Instruction
Establishes grapheme-phoneme
relationships and the use of graphophonics
cues in reading. This is termed the
alphabetic principle.
Develops word recognition based on their
visual and orthographic features. This
process is called decoding.
Aids in building reading fluency and
automaticity.
English Phonics
Consonants: b, d, f, g, h, j, k, ck, l, m...
Vowels: a, e, i, o, u, ea, oa, igh, ie, oo
Consonant blends and digraphs: dr, st, pl
Long vowels: ea, oa, igh, ie, ite, ate, ube
short vowels: a, e, i, o, u
R-controlled vowels: ir, ar, or, er, ur
Vowel digraphs: ee, oe, ai, ay
Diphthongs: ou, oi, oy
English Syllable
Patterns
Closed: Short vowel ending with consonant
e.g. bat, tip, pot, bus, beg...
Open: Long vowel, no consonant ending
e.g. go, we, he, no...
Vowel Digraph: vowel spelled with 2+ letters
e.g. ea, ee, ai, ay, ie, oa, ui, ue
C-le at the ends of words
e.g. cycle, apple, able...
English Syllable
Patterns
R-controlled vowel
e.g. ar, er, ir, ur, or (al, au, aw)
Vowel-consonant-e long vowel pattern
VCe :magic e / silent e
e.g. ate, ame, ite, ote, ube, use, epe

Step-by step Sequential Skills
Development in Phonics
1. Sound Recognition
2. Blending skills Development
3. Phonemic manipulation skills
e.g. addition, deletion, segmentation
4. Basic Syllable Rules e.g. word chunking skill
5. Acquisition of Phonics Rules
6. Apply in Context e.g.Spelling and Reading
Sound recognition
http://www.genkienglish.net/phonics.htm

http://www.tampareads.com/phonics/phonicsindex.htm

http://www.starfall.com/

/a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /u/.
/a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /u/.
/a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /u/,
are short vowels that we use!
A vowel is in every word,
every word, every word.
A vowel is in every word
that we read or write.
/ai/, /ee/, /ie/, /oa/, /ue/.
/ai/, /ee/, /ie/, /oa/, /ue/.
/ai/, /ee/, /ie/, /oa/, /ue/,
are long vowels that we use!
ai
ay
a-e
ee
ea
ie i-e
igh y
oa
o-e
ow
ue
u-e
ew
Phonics Sequence
1. Single consonants
2. Short vowels
-ab -ib -ob -ed -ub
-ad -id -od -eg -ug
-ag -ig -og -en -um
-am -in -op -et -un
-an -ip -ot
-ap -it
-at
Then generate three-letter words; for example,
-ab: cab, dab, gab, jab, lab, nab, tab.
b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, ck, l, m, n, p, r, s,
t, v, w, x, y, z, qu
Phonics Sequence
3. Beginning blends
l blends r blends s blends 3-letter blends
bl- br- sc- scr-
cl- cr- sk- spl-
fl- dr- sm- spr-
gl- fr- sn- squ-
pl- gr- sp- str-
sl- pr- st-
tr- sw-
Use the beginning blends below with the list of word families
above to generate four-and five-letter words; for example,
-ap: clap, flap, slap, snap, trap, scrap, strap
Phonics Sequence
4. End blends
L blends N blends T blends Others
-all -and* -ant -ass
-alm -ang* -art -amp*
-ill* -ank* -ast -iss
-old* -ing* -ift* -oss
-oll* -ink* -irt -omp
-ell -int -ist -ess*
-elp* -ond* -ort -ump*
-ull -ong -ost
-end* -eft
-end -elt
-ung* -est*
-unk* -ust*
Mix beginning consonants and beginning blends with the
end-blend word families below to generate four- and five-
letter words; for example, -and: band, hand, land, sand,
bland, gland, brand, grand, strand.
Phonics Sequence
5. Beginning and end digraphs
Mix beginning consonants, beginning blends, and beginning
digraphs with the word families below to generate four- to
six-letter words; for example, -ash: bash, cash, dash, gash,
hash, lash, mash, rash, clash, slash, brash, crash, trash,
smash, stash, splash. (Note that when ch follows a short
vowel, a t or r is added before it.)
-ash -ish -osh -esh -ush
-ath -ith -otch -etch -utch
-atch -itch -oth -erch -urch
-arch -irth -orch

Phonics Sequence
6. Long vowels with silent e
Mix beginning consonants, beginning blends, and
beginning digraphs with the word families below to
generate four- to six-letter words;
for example,-ade: fade, jade, made, wade, blade,
glade, grade, spade, shade
-ace -ice -ode
-ade -ide -oke
-age -ife -ole
-ake -ile -one
-ale -ine -ope
-ame -ite -ote
-ape -ive
-ate
Phonics Sequence
7. Long vowels in two-vowel combinations
Mix beginning consonants, beginning blends, and beginning digraphs
with the word families below to generate four-to six-letter words;
for example, -eek: leek, meek, peek, reek, seek, week, sleek, creek,
cheek
long a long e long e long o

-aid -each -eed -oach
-ail -ead -eek -oad
-ain -eak -eel -oam
-ait -eam -eem -oan
-ay -ean -eep -oat
-eat -eet
Phonics Sequence
8. Miscellaneous vowel combinations
Mix beginning consonants, beginning blends, and
beginning digraphs with the word families below
to generate four-to six-letter words; for
example, -ook: book, cook, hook, look, nook, took,
brook, crook, shook
-oil -ook -ound
-oin -oom -our
-oint -oon -ouse
-oist -oop -out
-oot

Phonics Sequence
9. Vowels controlled by r, l, and w
Mix beginning consonants, beginning blends, and
beginning digraphs with the word families below to
generate four- and five-letter words; for example, -
ark: bark, dark, hark, lark, mark, park, spark, shark.
-ar -ird -ald -aw
-ard -irt -alk -awn
-arm -or -eld -ew
-arn -ord -elt -ow
-art -ork -ild -own
-er -orn -old
-ern -ir -ur
Scheme of P.1 Phonics
Short
Vowels
short a, short e, short i,
short o, short u


Total:
47
Lessons
per
school
year
Consonants b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, ck, l, m,
n, p, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z, qu
Word
Families
at, am, ap, an, ank, ad, amp,
ack, and, ang, in, it, ip, ig, id,
ib, im, ick, ink, ill, ing, int, ot,
og, op, ock, od, ob, ox, ost,
ong, et, en, ent, ed, eg, est,
end, elt, ell, um, ump, ut, ud,
ug, ub, ust, uck, ung, up
Scheme of P.2 Phonics
Blends S-Blends, R-Blends, L-blends
sp, st, sl, sm, fl, bl, cl, tr, gr, cr, etc




Total:
30
Lessons
per
school
year
Long Vowels Long a, Long e, Long i, Long o, Long u
R-Controlled
Vowels
or, ur, ir, er
Vowel
Digraphs
ai, ay, ea, oa, ie, ue, ee, oe
Consonant
Digraphs
sh, ch, th,
Diphthongs oi, oy, ou, ow, al, au, aw, oo, ew,
others igh,y,
Five Basic types of
phonological awareness tasks
The ability to hear rhymes and alliteration
The ability to do oddity tasks
The ability to orally blend words
The ability to orally segment words
The ability to do phonemic manipulation tasks
(Reference : Explicit Systematic Phonics)
The ability to hear rhymes and alliteration
a. rhyme
Example: I once saw a cat, sitting next to
a dog. I once saw a bat, sitting
next to a frog.
b. alliteration
Example: Six snakes sell sodas and snacks.
c. assonance
Example: The leaf, the bean, the peach-all
were within reach.
(Reference : Explicit Systematic Phonics)
The ability to do oddity tasks
a. rhyme
Example: Which word does not rhyme:
cat, sat, pig?
b. beginning consonants
Example: Which two words begin with the
same sound: man, sat, sick?
c. ending consonants
Example: Which two words end with the
same sound: man, sat, ten?
(Reference : Explicit Systematic Phonics)
The ability to do oddity tasks
d. medial sounds (long vowels)
Example: Which word does not have the
same middle sound:
take, late, feet
e. medial sounds (short vowels)
Example: Which two words have the
same middle sound: top, cat, pan?
f. medial consonants
Example: Which two words have the
same middle sound: kitten,
missing, lesson?
The ability to orally blend words
a. syllables
Example: Listen to these word parts. Say
the word as a whole. table ---
Whats the word?
b. onset / rime
Example: Listen to these word parts. Say
the word as a whole. /p/an ---
Whats the word?
c. phoneme by phoneme
Example: Listen to these word parts. Say
the word as a whole. /s//a//t/ ---
Whats the word?
The ability to orally segment words
a. syllables
Example: Listen to this word. table, Say
it syllables by syllables. (table)
b. onset / rime
Example: Listen to this word. pan, Say
the first sound in the word
(the onset) and then the rest of
the word (the rime).( /p/an)
c. phoneme by phoneme (counting sounds)
Example: Listen to the word. Say the word
sound by sound. (/s//a//t/)
How many sounds do you hear?
The ability to do phonemic
manipulation tasks
a. Initial sound substitution
Example: replace the first sound in mat
with /s/. (sat)
b. final sound substitution
Example: replace the last sound in mat
with /p/. (map)
c. vowel substitution
Example: replace the middle sound in map
with /o/. (mop)
d. syllable deletion
Example: Say baker without the ba. (ker)
The ability to do phonemic
manipulation tasks
e. Initial sound deletion
Example: Say sun without the /s/. (un)
f. final sound deletion
Example: Say hit without the /t/. (hi)
g. Initial phoneme in a blend deletion
Example: Say step without the /s/. (tep)
h. final phoneme in a blend deletion
Example: Say best without the /t/. (bes)
i. second phoneme in a blend deletion
Example: Say frog without the /r/. (fog)

Phonics Rules
1. Sometimes the rules don't work.
2. Every syllable in every word must have a vowel.
3. "C" followed by "e, i or y" usually has the soft sound of
"s". Examples: "cyst", "central", and "city".
4. "G" followed by "e, i or y" usually has the soft sound of
"j". Example: "gem", "gym", and "gist".

5. When 2 consonants a joined together and form one new
sound, they are a consonant digraph. They count as one
sound and one letter and are never separated. Examples:
"ch,sh,th,ph and wh".
6. When a syllable ends in a consonant and has only one
vowel, that vowel is short. Examples: "fat, bed, fish,
spot, luck".
Phonics Rules
7. When a syllable ends in a silent "e", the silent "e" is a
signal that the vowel in front of it is long. Examples:
"make, gene, kite, rope, and use".

8. When a syllable has 2 vowels together, the first vowel is
usually long and the second is silent. Examples: "pain, eat,
boat, res/cue, say, grow". NOTE: Diphthongs don't
follow this rule; In a diphthong, the vowels blend
together to create a single new sound. The diphthongs
are: "oi,oy,ou,ow,au,aw, oo" and many others.
Phonics Rules
9. When a syllable ends in any vowel and is the only vowel,
that vowel is usually long. Examples: "pa/per, me, I,
o/pen, u/nit, and my".

10. When a vowel is followed by an "r" in the same syllable,
that vowel is "r-controlled". It is not long nor short.
"R-controlled "er,ir,and ur" often sound the same (like
"er"). Examples: "term, sir, fir, fur, far, for, su/gar,
or/der".
a e i o u y r w l
Magic
e
a ai au ay ar aw al a-e
e ea
great
long a
head
[E]
ee ei
veil
long a
their
[E]
eo
Leo
[io]
leopard
[E]
eu ey
hey
long a
Valley
short i
er ew
screw
Long u
sew
long o
i ie
field
long e
friend
[E]
igh
y
ir i-e
o oa oe oi oo
food
long u
book
[U]
ou
soup
long u
touch
short u
oy or ow
town
[aU]
o-e
u ue ui
build
short i
ur u-e
The principles of giving
phonemic awareness instruction
Systematic & Explicit Phonics
Step-by step Sequential Teaching Guide
Fun and Easy-to-Learn Phonics
Multi-sensory teaching approach in Phonics
Parental involvement and support
(Reference : http://www.teachphonics.com)
Step-by step Sequential Teaching
Revision
Blending
Sound
Recognition
High-Frequency
or Tricky words
teaching
Paired-work
Practice
rhyming
letter sounds
revision (action)
distinguish individual
sounds (listening)
multi-sensory
teaching approach
e.g. songs, rhymes,
poems, actions, big
books, miming or
tactile games, etc.
spelling/dictation
onset and rime,
medial sounds,
whole word (within
3-5 letters)
final blending
e.g. /s/ /a/ /t/
/sa/ /t/
/s/ /at/
successive blending
e.g. ssssaaaat
systematic and
explicit approach
word wall, word-family
posters, blending lines,
etc.
paired
reading
blending
games
word
bank
identifying sounds
in words e.g. f-i-sh
Look, Cover,
Write and
Check
Say it as
it sounds
interactive games,
word charts, etc.
writing tasks e.g. silly
sentence, guided poem or
rhyme writing, etc.
Practise Phonics Quiz

1. Spelling Games
e.g. sound matching, rhyming game, trace a beginning
/ ending consonant, discrimination of vowels, choose
the right word, word unscramble, spelling a word, etc.
(http://www.dyslexia.org/spelling_rules.shtml )
2. Nonsense word checking
(Ruth Miskins Nonsense Word Test )
(http://www.readinga-z.com/phonics/ )
3. Sight word recognition
(Phonics-Web\Spelling and sight recognition in the National
Literacy Strategy.htm)
4. Reading Competency Test
(http://www.nrrf.org/readtest.html )
letter sound songs
http://www.pbs.org/parents/lions/site/map.html

phonics worksheets/ flash cards
http://www.schoolexpress.com/fws/cat.php?id=2254
http://www.nelsonthornes.com/yearbyyear/phonics/indexa.htm
http://www.beenleigss.eq.edu.au/requested_sites/sounds/#CVC
http://www.tampareads.com/phonics/phonicsindex.htm
http://www.readingtarget.com/
http://www.edhelper.com/phonics/Phonics.htm
http://www.kizclub.com/consonant.htm

flip books, phonics wheels, phonics dices, scrapbooks, e-books online
http://www.kizclub.com/phonicsactivities.htm
http://www.kizclub.com/flashcards.htm
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/wordsandpictures/clusters/print/index.shtml
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/wordsandpictures/longvow/print/print.shtml
http://www.kizclub.com/reading1.htm



big decodable books
http://www.readinga-z.com/book.php?id=1112
http://www.starfall.com/n/level-a/learn-to-read/play.htm?f
http://www.early-reading.com/home/index.cfm

wall posters /audio posters
http://www.adrianbruce.com/reading/posters/

online phonics games
http://www.starfall.com/n/level-a/learn-to-read/play.htm?f
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/wordsandpictures/cvc/index.shtml
http://www.nelsonthornes.com/yearbyyear/phonics/games.htm
http://www.kiddonet.com/gb/flash/phonics/Intro.html
http://www.beenleigss.eq.edu.au/requested_sites/sounds/#CVC
http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/interactives/construct/index.html
http://www.hkedcity.net/article/phonics2003/games/
http://www.yourchildlearns.com/short-vowels.htm
http://pbskids.org/lions/
http://www.pbs.org/parents/lions/site/map.html

http://www.kwmwps.edu.hk/My%20Webs/phonics/p1phonics.htm


http://www.kwmwps.edu.hk/My%20Webs/phonics/p2phonics.htm


http://www.kwmwps.edu.hk/My%20Webs/phonics/Phonics_login.htm


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