AE 1350

Lecture Notes #6

We have studied...

Meaning of Inco!ressi"#e $#o%

&o% and %h' s!eed of the f#o% affects

co!ressi"i#it'

(trea#ines and strea tu"es

)ontinuit' E*uation

+o!ics to "e studied

)onservation of Moentu
,
Eu#er-s e*uation

)onservation of Energ'
,
.ernou##i-s e*uation /even though Eu#er
thought of it first.0

1ractica# A!!#ications of .ernou##i-s

E*uation

)ontinuit'
(tation 1
2ensit'
1
3e#ocit' 3
1
Area A
1
(tation 4
2ensit'
4
3e#ocit' 3
4
Area A
4
Mass $#o% 5ate In 6 Mass $#o% 5ate 7ut

1
3
1
A
1
6

4
3
4
A
4

Moentu E*uation
.ased on Ne%ton-s (econd La%8
5ate of )hange of Moentu of a !artic#e6 $orces acting on it
)onsider an infinitesia##' sa## s#ice of strea tu"e in s!ace.
5ate of change of oentu of the f#uid !artic#es %ithin this
strea tu"e ust "e due to forces acting on it.

Moentu E*uation /)ontd..0
2ensit'
ve#ocit' 3
Area 6A
2ensit' +d
ve#ocit' 39d3
Area 6A9dA
Mass $#o% 5ate in 6 Mass $#o% rate out
3A 6 /9d0/39d30/A9dA0
Moentu rate in6
Mass f#o% rate ties ve#ocit'
6 3
4
A
Moentu 5ate out6
Mass f#o% rate ties ve#ocit'
6 3A /39d30

Moentu E*uation /)ontd..0
2ensit'
ve#ocit' 3
Area 6A
2ensit' +d
ve#ocit' 39d3
Area 6A9dA
Moentu rate in6
Mass f#o% rate ties ve#ocit'
6 3
4
A
Moentu 5ate out6
Mass f#o% rate ties ve#ocit'
6 3A /39d30
5ate of change of oentu %ithin this e#eent 6
Moentu rate out : Moentu rate in
6 3A /39d30 : 3
4
A 6 3A d3

Moentu E*uation /)ontd..0
2ensit'
ve#ocit' 3
Area 6A
2ensit' +d
ve#ocit' 39d3
Area 6A9dA
5ate of change of oentu as f#uid !artic#es
f#o% through this e#eent6 3A d3
.' Ne%ton-s #a%; this oentu change ust "e caused "'
forces acting on this strea tu"e.

$orces acting on the (trea tu"e
1ressure
ties
area6!A
/!9d!0/A9dA0
&ori<onta# $orce 6 1ressure ties area of the ring6/!9d!=40dA
Area of this ring 6 dA
Net force 6 !A 9 /!9d!=40dA:/!9d!0/A9dA06: Ad! : d! dA=4:Ad!
1roduct of t%o
sa## nu"ers

Moentu E*uation
$ro the !revious s#ides;
5ate of change of oentu %hen f#uid !artic#es f#o%
through the strea tu"e 6 A3d3
$orces acting on the strea tu"e 6 :Ad!
We have neg#ected a## other forces : viscous; gravit'; e#ectrica#
and agnetic forces.
E*uating the t%o factors; %e get8 3d39d!60
+his e*uation is ca##ed the Eu#er-s E*uation

.ernou##i-s E*uation
Eu#er e*uation8 3d3 9 d! 6 0
$or inco!ressi"#e f#o%s; this e*uation a' "e integrated8
Const p V
Or
dp VdV
= +
= +

4
4
1
;
0

>inetic Energ' 9 1ressure Energ' 6 )onstant

.ernou##i-s
E*uation

A!!#ications of .ernou##i-s
E*uation

(ee e?a!#es @.1 through @.3 in the te?t.

We %i## do ore %orAed out e?a!#es at

our ne?t #ecture.

I!ortant A!!#ications inc#ude8

,
1itot +u"e
,
3enturi Meter
,
$#o% over airfoi#s

1itot tu"es are used on aircraft as a s!eedoeter.

+he 3enturi Meter
It is used to easure $#o% rates. Bas co!anies; Water %orAs;
and aircraft fue# onitors a## use this device.

&o% does the 3enturi Meter %orAC
4
4 4
4
1 1
1
4
4
1
4 1
4 4 4 1 1 1
4
1
4
1
8
;
8 D
V p V p Bernoulli
A
A
V
V
Thus
Flow ible Incompress
A V A V



+ = +
=
= =
=
( )
( )
( )
1 1
4
4
4
1
1 4
1
1
1 4
4
4
4
1 4
1
1 4
4
1
4
4 4
1
1 4
4
4
4
1
D
8 rate f#o% )o!ute
1
4
8 3 for (o#ve
4
1
4
1
4
1
4
1
A V rate Flow
A
A
p p
V
p p
A
A
V
p p
V
V
V
p p V V

=

+hat-s a## fo#AsEEE