HYPOTHESIS

At the end of this session, students will be able to

- Define hypothesis correctly
- Develop hypothesis according to problem case

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Research is a process of solving problem and a trial of
finding a solution to a problem
Therefore, before doing a research. A researcher will
guess the result, which is known as educated guess
or hyphotesis.
HYPOTHESIS
If your car could not be started in the
morning, you might guess that:
The battery is out (weak)
Starter problem
No fuel gas
Etc
EXAMPLE
Then, a proses to test the hypothesis begin by troubleshooting
your car. Finally you will find out the problem.

However, research needs more rigorous process to find the
answer of your hypothesis.
Research needs a scientific process as follows:
Define problem
Generate hypothesis
Collect data
Analyze date
Make conclusion.
TESTING A HYPOTHESIS
State the hypothesis;
Make decision;
Probability level;
Condition.
GENERATING HYPHOTESIS
Hipotesis null (Ho)
Is a hypothesis that will be rejected
Eg. There is no significant difference..

Hipotesis alternatif (Ha)
Is a hypothesis that will be accepted
There is a significant difference..

STATE HYPOTHESIS

Alpha level (related to confidence level/interval) a researcher
should determine the significant level.

= 0.01 (99% CL) or = 0.05 (95% CL)

If 99% correct therefore, error will be 1%
MAKE DECISION
Statement of hypothesis should be:
Hypothesis is accepted
Hypothesis is rejected
Hypothesis is failed to be rejected.
If the calculate value > = table value : H0 is rejected
If the calculate value < table value: H0 is accepted
REPORTING THE RESULT
Summary of result
Condition 1 Condition 2
Ho accepted
Ha rejected
Ho rejected
Ha accepted
Calculate value < table value Calculate value >= table value
t
kiraan
< t
sifir

F
kiraan
< F
sifir

2
kiraan
<
2
sifir

H
kiraan
< H
sifir

t
kiraan
> t
sifir

F
kiraan
> F
sifir

2
kiraan
>
2
sifir

H
kiraan
> H
sifir

One tailed
Two-tailed
TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS
Ho : U1 = U2 (mean for
sampel 1 is equal to
mean sampel 2)

Ha : U1 > U2 (mean for
sampel 1 is more than
mean sampel 2)
ONE TAILED

Ho : U1 = U2 (mean for 2
groups are different)
Ha1: U1 > U2 (mean sample 1
is more than mean sample 2)

Ha2: U1 < U2 (mean sample 2
is more than mean sample 1)
TWO-TAILED
A research is conducted to compare science
students using traditional method and
Laboratory method. The Hypothesis are as
follows:
Ho : U1 = U2
Ha1 : U1 > U2
Ha2 : U1 < U2
EXAMPLE
FORM 4 small GROUPS
Group 1 : Statistic test score & study time
Group 2: IQ level & math score
Group 3: Maggie Mee & gender
Group 4: Eating frequency & obesity
Your task: generate H0 and Ha, determine the direction.


SCL
Two types of Error
Type 1 error;
Type 2 error.
ERROR
Is known as alpha error which can occurs
when we rejected Ho although it is true and
should not be rejected. It can be written as:

P[Type I] =
TYPE I
Is known as Beta () error which can occurs when we
not reject Ho although it should be rejected. The
probability is written as :

P[Type II] =

TYPE II
Several ways to deal with error, For example we can
choose small value of . From = 0.05 to = 0.01.
DEALING WITH ERROR