Alkanes and Aromatic

Hydrocarbons

Organic Compounds
Bonding in Hydrocarbons
Naming Alkanes
Properties of Alkanes

Timberlake LecturePLUS 1
“The most important hypothesis in all of
biology…is that everything that animals do,
atoms do. In other words, there is nothing
that living things do that cannot be
understood from the point of view that
they are made of atoms acting according
to the laws of physics.”

Richard Feynman (1918-1988)

Timberlake LecturePLUS 2
 Organic Compounds
 Contain carbon
 Have covalent bonds
 Have low melting points
 Have low boiling points
 Burn in air (oxygen)
 Are soluble in nonpolar solvents
 Form large molecules
Timberlake LecturePLUS 3
 Alkanes

 Contain C and H only

 Contain single bonds C-C
 Have 4 bonds to every carbon (C) atom
 Are nonpolar
Timberlake LecturePLUS 4
Complete Structural Formulas

Show the bonds between each of the

atoms
H H

HCH H C H


H H
CH4 , methane
Timberlake LecturePLUS 5
 More Alkanes

H H Condensed Structural Formulas

H C C H CH3 CH3

H H Ethane

H H H

H C C C H CH3 CH2 CH3

H H H Timberlake LecturePLUS Propane 6

 IUPAC Names
Name # carbons Structural Formula
Methane 1 CH4
Ethane 2 CH3CH3
Propane 3 CH3CH2CH3
Butane 4 CH3CH2CH2CH3
Pentane 5 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

Timberlake LecturePLUS 7
 IUPAC NAMES

Name # carbons Structural Formula

Hexane 6 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Heptane 7 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Octane 8 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Nonane 9 CH3 CH2 CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Decane 10 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Timberlake LecturePLUS 8
 Learning Check Alk1
A. What is the condensed formula for
H H H H

H C C C C H

H H H H

B. What is its molecular formula?

C. What is its name?
Timberlake LecturePLUS 9
 Solution Alk1

A. CH3CH2CH2CH3

B. C4H10

C. butane

Timberlake LecturePLUS 10
 Reactions of Alkanes
Combustion

alkane + O2 CO2 + H2O + heat

Timberlake LecturePLUS 11
 Combustion In the Cell

Metabolic oxidation is combustion

C6H12 O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + heat
glucose

Timberlake LecturePLUS 12
 Learning Check Alk2

Complete the combustion reaction for

C 3H 8 + O 2 +

Balance your equation

Timberlake LecturePLUS 13
 Solution Alk2

Step 1
C3H8 + O 2 CO2 + H2O
Step 2
C3H8 + O 2 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
Step 3
C3H8 + 5 O 2 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
Timberlake LecturePLUS 14
 Learning Check Alk3

Complete and balance the reaction for

the complete combustion of C7H16

Timberlake LecturePLUS 15
 Solution Alk3
Step 1
C7H16 + O2 CO2 + H2O
Step 2
C7H16 + O2 7 CO2 + 8 H2O
Step 3
C7H16 + 11 O2 7 CO2 + 8 H2O
Timberlake LecturePLUS 16