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Publishing as Prentice Hall

7-1
Essentials of
Organizational Behavior, 10/e

Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge
Chapter 7
Emotions and Moods
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
7-2
After studying this chapter, you
should be able to:
1. Differentiate emotions from moods and list the
basic emotions and moods.
2. Identify the sources of emotions and moods.
3. Discuss the impact emotional labor has on
employees.
4. Contrast the evidence for and against the
existence of emotional intelligence.
5. Apply the concepts of emotions and moods OB
issues.
6. Contrast the experience, interpretation, and the
expression of emotions across cultures.
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
7-3
Why Were Emotions Excluded
from OB Study?
Myth of rationality
emotions were the
antithesis of rationality
and should not be seen
in the workplace
Belief that emotions of
any kind are disruptive
in the workplace
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7-4
Emotional Terminology
Affect
A generic term that encompasses a broad range of
feelings that people experience
Emotion
Intense feelings that are directed at someone or
something
Short termed and action-oriented.
Mood
Feelings that tend to be less intense and longer-lasting
than emotions and often lack a contextual stimulus
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7-5
Affect, Emotions, and Moods
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7-6
The Spectrum of
Basic Emotions
Happiness Surprise Fear
Sadness Anger Disgust
Classifying Moods: Positive and Negative Affect
Mood States: General groupings of affective emotions
Positivity Offset: Generally, at zero input, people are in
a positive mood
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7-7
The Functions of Emotions
Emotions and Rationality
Emotions are critical to rational
thought: they help in understanding
the world around us.
Evolutionary Psychology
Theory that emotions serve an
evolutionary purpose: helps in
survival of the gene pool
The theory is not universally
accepted
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7-8
Sources of Emotions and Moods
Day of Week and Time of Day
More positive interactions will likely occur mid-day and
later in the week
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More Sources
Weather
No impact according to research
Stress
Increased stress worsens moods
Social Activities
Physical, informal, and epicurean activities increase
positive mood
Sleep
Lack of sleep increases negative emotions and impairs
decision making
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7-10
Even More Sources
Exercise
Mildly enhances positive mood
Age
Older people experience negative emotions less
frequently
Gender
Women show greater emotional expression,
experience emotions more intensely and display more
frequent expressions of emotions
Could be due to socialization
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7-11
Emotional Labor
An employees expression of
organizationally desired
emotions during interpersonal
transactions at work
Emotional dissonance is
when an employee has to
project one emotion while
simultaneously feeling
another
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7-12
Felt vs. Displayed Emotions
Felt Emotions:
the individuals actual emotions
Displayed Emotions:
the learned emotions that the organization requires
workers to show and considers appropriate in a given
job
Surface Acting is hiding ones true emotions
Deep Acting is trying to change ones feelings based
on display rules
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7-13
Emotional Intelligence
A persons ability to:
Be self-aware (to
recognize his or her
own emotions as
experienced),
Detect emotions in
others, and
Manage emotional
cues and information.
Moderately associated with
high job performance
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7-14
Emotional Intelligence on Trial
The case for:
Intuitive appeal it
makes sense
EI predicts criteria that
matter positively
correlated to high job
performance
Study suggests that EI is
neurologically based
The case against:
EI is too vague a concept
EI cant be measured
EI is so closely related to
intelligence and
personality that it is not
unique when those
factors are controlled

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7-15
OB Applications of
Emotions and Moods
Selection Employers should consider EI
a factor in hiring for jobs that demand a
high degree of social interaction
Decision Making Positive emotions can
increase problem-solving skills and help us
understand and analyze new information
Creativity Positive moods and feedback
may increase creativity

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7-16
More OB Applications of
Emotions and Moods
Motivation Promoting positive moods
may give a more motivated workforce
Leadership Emotions help convey
messages more effectively
Negotiation Emotions may impair
negotiator performance
Customer Service Customers catch
emotions from employees, called emotional
contagion
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7-17
Even More OB Applications of
Emotions and Moods
Job Attitudes Emotions at work get
carried home but rarely carry over to the
next day
Deviant Workplace Behaviors Those
who feel negative emotions are more likely
to engage in deviant behavior at work
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7-18
How Can Managers
Influence Moods?
Use humor to lighten the
moment
Give small tokens of
appreciation
Stay in a good mood
themselves lead by
example
Higher positive people
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7-19
Global Implications
Does the degree to which people experience
emotions vary across cultures?
Do peoples interpretations of emotions vary
across cultures?
Do the norms for are the expressions of
emotions differ across cultures?
YES to all of the above!


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7-20
Implications for Managers
Understand the role of emotions and
moods to better explain and predict
behavior
Emotions and moods do affect
workplace performance
While managing emotions may be
possible, absolute control of worker
emotions is not
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7-21
Keep in Mind
Positive emotions can increase problem-
solving skills
People with high EI may be more
effective in their jobs
Managers need to know the emotional
norms for each culture they do business
with
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7-22
Summary
1. Differentiated emotions from moods and listed the basic
emotions and moods.
2. Identified the sources of emotions and moods.
3. Discussed the impact emotional labor has on
employees.
4. Contrasted the evidence for and against the existence
of emotional intelligence.
5. Applied the concepts of emotions and moods OB issues.
6. Contrasted the experience, interpretation, and the
expression of emotions across cultures.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
7-23

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