Mealy and Moore Machines

Mealy Machines
Sequence to be detected : 010



State Table
Present State Next State Output
X=0 X=1 X=0 X=1
S0 S1 S0 0 0
S1 S1 S2 0 0
S2 S1 S0 1 0
STATE ASSIGNMENT
1. Pair the present state for which the next state is same for X=0 and X=1
2. Pair the next state for the present state. For eg: for S0 the next states
would be S1 and S2. Hence pair of (1,2) will be formed.
3. Pair the present states for which the output value is equal to 1
State Assignment
According to the State assignment rules, pairs formed will be:
1. For X=0, (0,1,2) and for X=1 (0,2) will be paired
2. no pairing is possible
3. (2) single pair



S0 = 00
S1 = 10
S2 =01


0 1
0 S0 S1
1 S2 --
Q1
Q2
State table
Present state Next State Output (z)
X=0 X=1 X=0 X=1
Q1 Q2 Q1+ Q2+ Q1+ Q2+
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
Now solve for Q1+ and Q2+ and output z using K maps.
K map Solution
For Q1+
Q1 Q2 00 01 11 10
X 0 Q1+ = X

1

For Q2 +
Q1 Q2
00 01 11 10 Q2+ = X Q1
X
0

1
1 1 x 1
x
X
x 1
Output and hardware implementation
Value of output z =
Q1Q2 00 01 11 10
X 0

1
Z= X Q2
X
1 x
Hardware implementation
2 flip flops are used as number of variables needed to
represent states are only two.

X

X

Z
D1 Q1
Q1
D2 Q2
Q2
Moore Machines
Output depends only upon the present state not on the
inputs. Pattern to be detected: 010
X=1
(1 is stored)

X=1 X=0 X=0
X=1
X=0 (0 is stored)
(010 is stored)
X=0 X=1
(01 is stored)
S0
0
S1
0
S2
0
S3
1
State Table
4 states are used.





Assignment of States
1. (0,1) and (0,2)
2.
3. (3)


Present State Next State Output
X=0 X=1 X=0/1
S0 S1 s0 0
S1 S1 S2 0
S2 S3 S0 0
S3 S1 S0 1
K Map
Assignment of states
Q1 0 1 S0 : 00
Q2 0 S1 : 10
1 S2 : 01
S3 : 11

S0 S1

S2 S3
State table
Present state Next State
X=0 X=1
Output
(z)
Q1 Q2 Q1+ Q2+ Q1+ Q2+
0 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 1 1 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 1 0 1
Solution for Q1+ and Q2+
Q1+ : Q1Q2 00 01 11 10
X 0

1

D1 = X Q2 + X Q1 + X Q1 Q2
Q2+ :



D2 = X Q1 Q2 + X Q1 Q2
1 1 1


1
1
1
Solution for K map
Since it is the moore machine only at the state output
shall be equal to 1 and Z is independent of input
variable X.
Z = Q1 Q2
Hardware Implementation