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Aerospace Materials Class

Dr. Luis Arturo Reyes Osorio
Team: Aeros
October 24
th
of 2013
Subject: Conventional Titanium Alloys
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Conventional Ti Alloys
Today more than 100
titanium alloys are
known, however, only
20 to 30 have reached
cmmercial status. Of
these, the calssic alloy
Ti-6Al-4V covers more
than 50 % of usage.
Another 20 to 30% is
unalloyed titanium. Tab
1.5 lists the currently
used titanium alloys.
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Here the types of conventional
Titanium Alloys
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Alloys
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To reach the required
strength level of cp
titanium grades, only
oxygen is intentionally
alloyed; while elements
like carbon and iron are
considered impurities
brought to the alloy via
manufacturing processes
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Cp grades for Titanium Alloys
Grade 1 : is used for deep
drawing applicatons, like
sheet metal for explosive
claddings.
Grade 2: with tensile
strength levels between 390
and 540 MPa, is the most cp
Ti alloy.
Grade 3 is neraly exclusively
used for pressure vessel
applications.
Grade 4 has the highest
strength of up to 740 MPa
and is preferentially used for
mountings and fittings.
Near Alloys
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Near- titanium alloys are the
classic high-temperature
alloys. This alloy class is
ideal for high temperatures
since it combines the
excellent creep behavior of
alloys
with the high strength of +
alloys. Today their upper
operating temperature
is limited to about 500 to
550C.
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Ti-8-1-1 was the first titanium alloy particularly developed for high
temperatures.
The high Al content led, however, to stress corrosion problems;
therefore,
all conventional titanium alloys in use today are limited in aluminum
content to a
maximum of 6%. The follow-up alloy, Ti-6-2-4-2, developed by Timet,
also has this
lower Al content. In the 1970s investigations by RMI were of central
importance
to the further success of elevated temperature titanium alloys:
research discovered
that small additions of only up to 0.1 wt. % Si would substantially
improve the
creep behavior of Ti-6-2-4-2. The alloy was named Ti-6-2-4-2-S.
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The first commercial Si-containing titanium alloy was developed
by IMI in the
United Kingdom: IMI 679. The follow-up alloy, IMI 685, was the first
alloy to be
used in the -annealed condition due to the superior creep
performance of this
microstructure. One of the most advanced conventional high
temperature titanium
alloys today is the American TIMETAL 834, originally developed in
the UK.
+ Alloys
Ti-6Al-4V
Most popular titanium alloy.
More than 50% of all alloys are of this
composition.
Developed in1950s at the Illinois Institute of
Technology.
One of the very first titanium alloys to be
made.
Reasons for the success:
1.- Good balance of its properties.
2.- Most intensively developed
and tested titanium alloy, which is a major
advantage.

Especially in the aerospace industry, the
largest user of Ti-6Al-4V.





Other alloys
Ti-6-6-2 and IMI 550: primarily developed
for high strength.
.
High strength and high toughness is
realized with Ti-6-2-4-6.
6-2-2-2-2, Ti-55-24-S or Ti-17 were primarily
developed for elevated temperature
applications in gas turbine engines up to
about 400C.

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Metastable Alloys
Over the last few decades
the importance of metastable
alloys has steadily increased.
These alloys can be hardened
to extremely high strenght
levels of more than 1400MPa.
The complex Microstructure
enables the designer to
optimize for both high
strenght and high toughness.
This is true for TIMETAL and
beta C.

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Other Metastable alloys
like TIMETAL 21S was
specially developed as
an oxidation resistant
foil alloy to be used as
the matrix for long fiber
reunforced titanium
alloys. TIMETAL LCB is a
price-sensitive alloy
(LCB= low- cost beta)
particularly aimed at
applications beyond
the aerospace sector
e.g for te automative
industry.
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Beta CEZ was developed in France for application
at moderate temperature in gas turbine engines.
Due to its very fine grained bimodal microstructure,
the japanese alloy SP 700 C. Wide spread
application of alloys is, however, limited bye its
relatively high specific weight, modest weldability,
poor oxidation behavior, and complex
microstructure.

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