Resources

on Earth
Living
things
Animals
Plants
Non living
things
Air
Water
Fossil fuels
Natural
Gas
Petroleum
Coal
Soil
4.1 Natural Resources on Earth
4.3 Appreciating The Importance Of The Variety Of
Earths Resources To Man.
Oxygen
Breathing,
cell
respiratin,
combustion,
burning
Carbon
dioxide
To put out
fire, for
photosynthe
sis
Soil
Habitat for
many types
of living
things
Minerals
Soil contains
minerals
and water
which is
vital for
growing of
plants
Fossil fuels
To provide
energy for
household
use, factories
and power
stations to
generate
electricity.
Water
Regulates
body
temperature,
controls the
concentration
of blood
Living things
As food, medicine, fibre, building
materials, and so on.
4.2 Understanding Element, Compound and
Mixture
Matter
Element
Metal Nonmetal
Compound Mixture
Element
Element: a substance that consists one type of
atom only.
It is the simplest matter and cannot be
separated by any chemical or physical method.
Atom Molecule
Classification of Element
Element
Metal
- In solid form except for
mercury (liquid)
-Eg: calcium, copper, gold,
lead
Non metal
-Exist in all states (solid,
liquid and gas) at room
temperature.
-Eg: sulphur, carbon,
bromine, oxygen
Surface
Melting and
boiling point
Electric
Conductivity
Malleability
Ductility
Heat
Conductivity
Shiny
Malleable
Ductile
Good
Good
High
Dull
Not
malleable
Brittle
Weak
Do not conduct,
except Carbon
Low
Density
High Low
Surface
The surface of metals are usually shiny when
polished compared to nonmetals.
Malleability
Malleability is the ability of a metal to be
hammered, rolled, or pressed into various
shapes without rupture or fracture.
Malleability
Ductility
Ductility is the ability of a metal to be bent or
stretched permanently without rupture or
fracture.
Metals that lack ductility will crack or break
before bending.
Ductility
Nonmetal- silicon Metal- aluminium
Heat Conductivity
The ability to transfer heat.
Which material is easier to get hot? Metal or
nonmetal material?
Electric conductivity
The ability of transferring electricity.
Melting and boiling point
Density
Most metals are solid (except for mercury),
therefore it requires more heat to melt them.
Since metals are mostly solids, their mass are
higher, thus their densities are all high.

Compound
A compound is a substance that contains two
or more atoms chemically combined together.

The components in compound can only be
separated through chemical reactions such as
electrolysis or heating.
Mixture
A mixture is a combination of two or more
substances that have been mixed physically;
for example by stirring.

A mixture may consists of elements,
compounds or both.
Formation
Separation
Formation of
new substance
Properties of
components
Conversion of
energy
Chemically formed
New substance is
formed
New properties
Heat energy is
released
Can be separated
chemically
Physically mixed
No new substance is
formed
Retain its original
properties
Heat energy is not
released
Can be separated
physically
Identification
of components
Components that make up
compound cannot be
identified
Components of mixture
can be identified easily
Electrolysis of Copper (II) Sulphate: Separating a compound

When sugar is
heated, it will be
broken into carbon
and water
Example
COMPOUND MIXTURE
Salt Air
Copper Sulphate Orange juice
Chalk Sea water
Petrol Salt water
Sand Brass
Sugar Blood
Carbon dioxide Steel
Water Coins
Coffee drink
Examples of mixtures
Filtration: to separate
insoluble solids
Evaporation: to separate
dissolved solid particles
from its solvent
Distillation: to separate
a solvent from a liquid
or solid-liquid mixture
Extraction: to separate
liquid substances that
do not mix well and
with different densities
Using magnet: to separate
substances which are
attracted to a magnet from
nonmagnetic substances.
Sieving: to separate mixture of
solid substances with different
sizes.
Sublimation: to separate a
substance which sublimes
from one which does not
sublime.
Winnowing: to separate a very
light substance from a much
heavier substance
Chromatography: to separate coloured
components in a mixture
Conservation: involves the intelligent use and
care of our resources.




Preservation: the act of keeping the resources
in their original state.