Drying of Fish

Surendraraj
Drying-Introduction
Drying-Concentrated Food
less costly to produce,
processing equipment is limited,
storage area required is less and
distribution costs are minimum
Drying Vs Immobilization of water
Principle:
Water removal and reduction in water activity

Water activity Vs Preservation

Theory of Drying
Evaporation
Movement of water
Food Material
adsorption layer-Bound water
diffusion layer Less tightly
free layer Free layer
Two phases of drying
Constant rate of drying
Falling rate of drying

Theory of Drying
Constant Rate of Drying-Evaporation
Air velocity
Relative humidity
Temperature
Surface area
Product Thinkness
Falling Rate of Drying-Diffusion
-capillary flow of water
-viscous flow of water vapour
-thermal diffusion
-surface diffusion in a porous medium.
-gaseous diffusion
-molecular diffusion in a soild medium
Factors:
vapor pressure, moisture content, chemical potential
Fat, Thickness, Water content

Water Activity
Water activity is the measure of water available in a food to
support microbial growth and chemical reactions
Moisture content is measure of total moisture always higher
as bound water, salt, sugar moisture not available for microbe
expressed as a fraction in the range 0-1 or usual 0-100%
percentage range used for relative humidity
Aw = P/Psat
Where P is the vapour pressure of water vapor in air that is in
equilibrium with the food sample, and Psat is the saturation
vapor pressure of water at the same temperature.




Method of Drying
Natural or drying
Drying on the ground
Rack Drying
Scoffolding
Solar Tent Drying
Solar Collector Drying
Solar Cabinet Dryer
Artificial or dehydration
Heat by hot gas/Hot air dryer
Kilns
Cabinet dryer
Tunnel dryer
Multi deck
Fluidized bed dryer
Heat by solid surface/
Contact Dryer
Drum dryer
Vacuum dryer
Drying on ground

Drying on ground

Drying on Raised Platform

Drying on paddy straw

Drying on mat

Drying on mat

Drying on Mat

Drying on mat

Drying on Mat

Drying on tray

Drying on rack

Drying by hanging

Drying by hanging

Bombay Duck Drying/Scoffolding

Bombay duck drying


Bombay Duck Drying
Bombay Duck Drying

Drying on Rack

Solar Tent Dryer

Solar Tent Dryer

Solar Collector Dryer

Solar Cabinet Dryer

Method of Drying
Natural or drying
Drying on the ground
Rack Drying
Scoffolding
Solar Tent Drying
Solar Collector Drying
Solar Cabinet Dryer
Artificial or dehydration
Heat by hot gas/Hot air dryer
Kilns
Cabinet dryer
Tunnel dryer
Multi deck
Fluidized bed dryer
Heat by solid surface/
Contact Dryer
Drum dryer
Vacuum dryer
Cabinet Dryer

Tunnel Dryer
Long tunnels, 10-15 m long
Trolleys loaded with fish are moved
parallel flow drying tunnel-air towards the
outlet side cool and humid-product not dried
Counter flow drying tunnel-prolonged drying
schedules-lead to spoilage
Provide umidification and humidity control

Fluidized bed dryer
The product is passed on a perforated
conveyor bed
Air is passed below,
Product is partially lifted and three
dimensional drying
Vacuum Dryer
Hollow shelves, through which the heating
medium is circulated in a chamber
Vacuum will be drawn and drying will proceed
under vacuum
Expensive
Suitable for fatty fishes
Rotary Dryers
Mainly for fish meal
Hot air from steam jacket supplied to drum
Types: Rotary drum dryer, direct rotary dryer,
indirect rotary dryer and Steam dryer
Drum Dryers
Fluid Materials
Drum heated
Dried material scrapped off
Types: single drum dryer, double drum drier,
and twin drum dryer