BTL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

PROJECT TITLE: WAVE DNA ANALYSER
DOMAIN AREA:RADIO FREQUENCY
TEAM DETAILS:
SERIAL NUM STUDENT NAME USN NUMBER
1 PRAVEEN KUMAR G 1BT10EC047
2 PRADEEP SINGH 1BT10EC042
3 SOURABH TAKUR 1BT10EC060
4 RENUKA PRASAD A 1BT10EC053
GUIDED BY-
ANANTH KUMAR M.S
Wave DNA Analyzer
Objective of the project:
The objective of the project is to build a hand held device that could measure
the field strength of the electromagnetic field in a particular radius.
Abstract:
The device will have an omnidirectional antenna which will have the capability
to measure GSM range of frequency radiations (Up to 1800Mhz). The output
will be in terms of DC power.
Social Significance and
scope of the project:
Presently Indian electronic industry is dependent highly on imports.

It is estimated that by 2020, the electronic imports of India would cross over $200 billion, which is
more than the present import of crude oil.

Our investigations reveal that presently this device is imported by BSNL from USA which cost more
than $2500/unit + $500 for servicing and maintenance.

Good scope for a local company.

India has emerged one of the biggest country affected by cell phone radiations.

This device will help the cellular companies to monitor these radiation levels and guide them to
locate the regions with least radiations levels to set up the cellular network stations.


Introduction to design:
An omnidirectional discone shaped antenna would be an optimal choice for this purpose.

The design and various parameters are mathematically modeled using simulations and an
efficient solution is inferred.

The results of the simulations will be transformed into the hardware of the RF antenna.

The other components required in the system such as A/D converters, modulators, Schottky
diode detectors etc are mathematically modeled using QUCS and LT simulation tools.


Antenna Structure: Antenna Parameters
Name Description
f Centre frequency
Dd Disc diameter
R Feed pin radius
S Gap between the cone and disc
Dc2 Diameter of the narrow side of the cone
H Length of the cone side
Dc1 Diameter of the broad side of the cone
X The diameter of the antenna
Y The diameter of the antenna
Z The height of the antenna
h

Cone flare angle

Sketches
Side view View into bottom of cone
Design 1: Preview
Design 1: Design Objectives
Name Description Value
f Centre frequency 1.8 GHz
Objective Group: operating frequency
Design 1: Physical Parameters
Name Description Value
Dd Disc diameter 82.78 mm
R Feed pin radius 296.1 m
S Gap between the cone and disc 444.1 m
Dc2 Diameter of the narrow side of the
cone
1.480 mm
H Length of the cone side 118.3 mm
Dc1 Diameter of the broad side of the cone 118.3 mm
Design 1: Derived Quantities
Name Description Value
X The diameter of the antenna 118.3 mm
Y The diameter of the antenna 118.3 mm
Z The height of the antenna 103.3 mm
h Cone flare angle 29.59
Discone
Antenna : estimated performance charts
Impedance vs frequency
-54
-34
-14
6
26
46
66
86
0.45 0.95 1.45 1.95 2.45 2.95 3.45 3.95 4.45
I
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e

(

)

Frequency (GHz)
Input Impedance vs Frequency
Design 1 - Port 1 Real Design 1 - Port 1 Imaginary
Impedance vs frequency
Design 1
Peak real impedance @ frequency 95.55 @ 2.405 GHz
Real impedance @ zero-crossing frequency 27.87 @ 720.7 MHz
64.47 @ 1.121 GHz
58.91 @ 1.499 GHz
94.70 @ 2.315 GHz
Mean real impedance 64.57
Mean imaginary impedance -9.095
Input Impedance vs Frequency
Impedance vs frequency
-22
-17
-12
-7
-2
0.45 0.95 1.45 1.95 2.45 2.95 3.45 3.95 4.45
R
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
o
n

c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t

(
d
B
)

Frequency (GHz)
Reflection coefficient (20log||)
Design 1 - Port 1
Impedance vs frequency
Design 1
Minimum S11 value -21.80 dB @ 1.567 GHz
Frequency at which S11 = -10 dB 702.3 MHz
2.396 GHz
2.451 GHz
Reference impedance @ port 1 50
Reflection coefficient (20log||)
Impedance vs frequency
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
0.45 0.95 1.45 1.95 2.45 2.95 3.45 3.95 4.45
V
S
W
R


Frequency (GHz)
VSWR
Design 1 - Port 1
Impedance vs frequency
Design 1
Minimum VSWR value 1.177 @ 1.567 GHz
Frequency at which VSWR = 2 713.8 MHz
Reference impedance @ port 1 50
VSWR
Radiation pattern (minimum frequency)
Gain (Total - normalised)
Radiation pattern (centre frequency = 1.8GHz)
Gain (Total - normalised)
Radiation pattern
The above figures show that discone antenna has a uniform high gain in all the direction. So discone
antenna was found to be the most appropriate antenna for this project.
Detector
Circuit diagram and analysis:
Operation:
The RF detector integrates several functions to provide RF power detection over frequencies ranging from 300MHz
to 3.5GHz.

These functions include an internally compensated buffer amplifier, an RF Schottky diode peak detector and level
shift amplifier to convert the RF feedback signal to DC.

The internal RF Schottky diode peak detector and level shift amplifier converts the RF input signal to a low
frequency signal.

The RC filter at RF input has a cut off frequency of 0.53 GHz which is fed to the Rfin pin of the IC.

IC needs a DC power supply(Vcc) of 2.7-6V to function.



Characteristics Curves
Literature Survey 1
International journal of Computing and Corporate Research, International Manuscript ID : ISSN2249054X-
V2I2M6-032012 , VOLUME 2 ISSUE 2 March 2012

Highlights:

The paper deals with the design of discone antenna with different dimensions.

Various models with different frequency and dimensions are compared based on the simulation results.

It was found that The ripples in the reflection coefficient can be reduced by increasing the flare angle.

Decrease in input impedance is achieved by increasing the flare angle.

The diameter of the disc should be kept at approximately 70% of the maximum diameter.


Plan of action
Activity Status
Simulation of Antenna parameters Simulated in Antenna Magus and CST.
Simulation of detector circuit Simulated using open source software LT spice.
Hardware Detector circuit done; antenna under process
Power calibration Yet to start (requires a well equipped lab)
ADC and LCD display Yet to start
Expected project completion date April 10
th
, 2013