634419066773993750

NOKIA BSSPAR / 11.
2004 V3
Handover Control and Adjacencies
CHAPTER 6
NOKIA BSSPAR / 11.2004 V3
Module Objectives
Explain the motivation for handover
Indicate the different types of handover and multi layer network
Describe the principle steps to be executed for handover (averaging,
triggering, adjacent cell ranking, target cell selection, timer)
Discuss the handover algorithms applied to interference, RX quality and RX
level handover
Discuss the handover algorithms applied to power budget and umbrella
handover, and the impact of the MS speed
Describe the different kinds of imperative handovers, especially the role of
rapid field drop
Explain the use of handover for traffic control

Synchronized Handover Signalling
New Channel, New Cell
ACTIVE CALL

HANDO CMD

HANDO ACC
HANDO ACC
HANDO ACC
HANDO ACC

HANDO COM

ACTIVE CALL
MS NETWORK
Old Channel, Old Cell
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Original and target cells controlled by same BCF
No timing advanced information required for MS

Inter cell handover from one sector to another of same BTS
MS NETWORK
ACTIVE CALL

HANDO CMD

HANDO ACC
.
HANDO ACC

PHYS INFO

PHYS INFO

HANDO COM

ACTIVE CALL
maxNumberOfRepetition 5..35
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Non Synchronized Handover Signalling
Original and target cells controlled by different BCF
Timing advanced information required for MS

Inter cell handover from one BTS to another
Timer
320 ms
Handover Failure Signalling
HANDOVER CMD
ACTIVE CALL
MS NETWORK
HANDOVER FAIL
ACTIVE CALL
Timer expiry or
Radio link failure
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Multi Layer Network Types
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Coverage Layer: Gives access to the network
Capacity Layer: Optimises traffic distribution
Macro cells
Micro cells
Intelligent Coverage Enhancement
High power + low power TRx

Intelligent Underlay Overlay
Different frequencies for high / low power TRx
Normal
frequency
Super reuse
frequency
GSM 900 cell
GSM 1800 cell
Handover Strategy
Triggering
threshold
Actual average samples
Nx samples
Less than Px samples exceed threshold
No handover triggered
Nx samples
Px samples exceed threshold
handover triggered
Signal interference thresholds
hoThresholdsInterferenceDL/UL -110..-47 dBm

Signal quality thresholds
hoThresholdsQualDL/UL 0..7

Signal level thresholds
hoThresholdLevelDL/UL -110..-47 dBm
hoThresholdRapidLevelUL -110..-47 dBm

MS speed thresholds
upper/lowerSpeedLimit 0..255 (unit = 2km/h)

Number of average samples
Nx 1..32
Px 1..32
Target cell selection
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Handover Strategy
(Handover Reasons)
Timing Advance
Adjacent Cells
Downlink Quality
Uplink Quality AV_RXQUAL_UL_HO
AV_RXQUAL_DL_HO
Downlink Level
Uplink Level AV_RXLEV_UL_HO
AV_RXLEV_DL_HO
AV_RANGE_HO
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n)
INTERFERENCE &
QUALITY
LEVEL
DISTANCE
PERIODIC
RX LEVEL
CHECK
UMBRELLA
POWER BUDGET
IMPERATIVE
HO
CHANNEL ADMINISTRATION
DIRECTED RETRY
THRESHOLD
COMPARISON
RAPID FIELD DROP
MS SPEED
MS Speed AV_MS_SPEED
Others causes (NO TRESHOLD COMPARISON)
- Intelligent Underlay/Overlay (IUO)
- Traffic Reason Handover (TRHO)
- Direct Access to Desired Layer/Band (DADL/B)
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Handover Strategy
(Priorities)
More than one handover criterion fulfilled -> process of higher priority
performed
Handover and power control criteria fulfilled -> handover performed
1) Interference (uplink or downlink)
2) NonBCCHLayerExit
3) Uplink quality
4) Downlink quality
5) AMR unpacking due to UL Lev HO Threshold and UL Qual HO *)
6) Uplink level
7) AMR unpacking due to DL Lev HO Threshold and DL Qual HO **)
8) Downlink level
9) Distance between MS and BTS
10) Turn around corner MS (special case of rapid field drop)
11) Any other rapid field drop
12) Fast / slow moving MS (special case of umbrella handover)
13) Better cell (Power Budget HO/Umbrella HO)
14) Load based HO in Common BCCH from BCCH/non-BCCH layer to non-BCCH layer
15) AMR packing
16) AMR unpacking
e.g downlink quality &
slow moving MS
criterion
-> HO due to downlink
quality
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
*) Unpacking is started instead of UL level based HO if both UL level and UL quality for unpacking trigger.
**) Unpacking is started instead of DL level based HO if both DL level and DL quality for unpacking trigger.
Handover Strategy
(Standard Target Cell Ranking)
Cell a b c

Overloaded? N/Y N N
Priority 4 3 3
hoLoadFactor 2 1 1
Corrected priority 4/2 3 3
Rx level -75 -80 -83

No cell overloaded -> priorities 4,3,3 -> cell list a,b,c
A overloaded -> priorities 2,3,3 -> cell list b,c,a
Adjacent Cell Load Threshold (BLT : 70%)
Can be checked only for cells belonging to the same BSC as the serving one
btsLoadThreshold 0..100 %

Adjacent Cell Priority (PRI : 3)
hoPriorityLevel 0..7

Overloaded Cell -> Reduction of Priority (OF : 1)
hoLoadFactor 0..7

Ranking (not for imperative and traffic reason handover)
1) Corrected priority
2) Cells with same priority -> RX level
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Handover Strategy
(Decision due to RX level)
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > rxLevMinCell(n) + Max (0, msTxPwrMax(n) P)
P depends on MS power class
msTxPwrMax(n): max power MS is allowed to transmit with (pmax1/pmax2)
1a
Any kind of handover (except umbrella)
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > hoLevelUmbrella(n) (AUCL) 1b
Umbrella handover
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Minimum allowed signal level for target cell

rxLevMinCell -110..-47 dBm any handover (except umbrella)
hoLevelUmbrella -110..-47 dBm umbrella handover
PBGT > hoMarginLev/Qual(n)
PBGT = (AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) - AV_RXLEV_DL_HO) -
(btsTxPwrMax - BTS_TXPWR)
2b
PBGT > hoMarginPBGT(n)
PBGT = (msTxPwrMax - msTxPwrMax(n))
(AV_RXLEV_DL_HO - AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n)) -
(btsTxPwrMax - BTS_TXPWR)
PMAX1 (serving cell) pmax1(neighbor cell)
2a
General case
Handover Strategy
(Decision due to Power Budget)
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Handover due to RX level, RX quality, distance and umbrella handover
Power budget margin to prevent repeated handovers between adjacent cells
hoMarginPBGT (PMRG:6) -24..63 dB general case

RX level and RX quality margins to prevent repeated handovers between adjacent cells
hoMarginQual(LMRG:3) -24..24 dB handover due to signal quality
hoMarginLevel(QMRG:0) -24..24 dB handover due to signal level
EnableHOMarginLevQual Y/N required to enable margins
(MRGS : Y)
Handover Strategy
(Target Cell Ranking with C/I)
Estimation of C/I
For each adjacent cell: reference cells (indicated by LAC and cell identification)
ciEstMethod 1:AVE -> C/I averaged over all reference cells
(CI METH :0) 2:MAX -> C/I taken from worst reference cell

ciEstWeight 0 -> reference cell not used
(W1..W5: -) 1..10 -> individual weight for average C/I

levelAdjustment -63..63 dB -> signal difference adjacent reference cell
(L1L5 :0)
Comparison with user defined interference band
lowerCLimit -128..127 dB
(L1L6:30,25,20,17,13,9)
Correction of priority
priorityAdjStep -8 -> cell removed from target candidate list
-7..7 -> priority decreased/increased in dependence on C/I
(P1..P7:3,1,0,-1,-2,-5,-8)
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Interference band lowerCILimit priorityAdjStep
1 30 3
2 25 1
3 20 0
4 17 -1
5 13 -2
6 9 -5

Cell a b c
Overloaded? Y N N
Priority 4 3 3
hoLoadFactor 2 1 1
Corrected priority 2 3 3
C/I 28 18 22
C/I band 1 4 3
priorityAdjStep 3 -1 0
Corrected priority 5 2 3
Rx level -75 -80 -83

Without C/I correction -> priorities 2,3,3 -> cell list b,c,a
With C/I correction -> priorities 5,2,3 -> cell list a,c,b
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Handover Strategy
(Target Cell Ranking with C/I)
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Basic Handover Timers
Minimum time between consecutive handovers related to same connection
minIntBetweenHOReq (MIH:5s) 0..31 s

Minimum time between consecutive handover attempts after failure
minIntBetweenUnsuccHOAttempt (MIU:3s) 0..31s

Time interval between consecutive RX level estimations of the adjacent
cells for power budget and umbrella handover
hoPeriodPBGT (HPP :6) 0..63 SACCH periods
hoPeriodUmbrella(HPU:6) 0..63 SACCH periods

Basic timers do not stop averaging and threshold comparison
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Basic Handover Timers
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Guard Handover Timers
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Interference Handover
(Parameters)
Thresholds

hoThresholdsInterferenceDL/UL -110..-47 dBm
(IDR/IUR)
(QDR/QUR)

Intra / inter cell handover

hoPreferenceOrderInterDL/UL INTRA for network without frequency hopping
(HDL) INTER for network with frequency hopping
enableIntraHOInterDL/UL Y/N required to enable intra cell handover
(EIC/EIH)
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
(Execution)
AvRX level hoThresholdsInterferenceDL/UL
AND
AvRX quality value hoThresholdsQualDL/UL
Ranking of adjacent cells
enableHOMarginLevQual = Y enableHOMarginLevQual = N
Check of adjacent cells with
conditions 1a and 2b
conditions 1a and 2a
Suitable adjacent cell ?
Yes No
Inter cell handover If enabled
Intra cell handover
Otherwise
Handover failure
hoThresholdQualDL = 4 /Px:4,
Nx:6
hoThresholdInterferenceDL = -85 dBm /Px:1,
Nx:1
hoMarginQual = 0 dB
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
(Example)
hoPreferenceOrderInterfDL = INTER
enableHandoverMarginLevQual
= Y
BTS output power =
Maximum
BOTH the Quality and Interference Threshold is exceeded
(bad_RxQuality/good_RxLevel)
INTERFERENCE HO
Adjacent cells evaluation
Conditions 1a and 2b:
AV_RXLEV_NCELL
AV_RXLEV_DL_HO >
hoMarginQual fulfilled
If no adjacent -> Intra
HO
-85
-90
-80
Serving cell
Adjacent cell(n)
RX Level
Suitable HO
target cell:
RxLev(n)
RxLev
hoThresholdInterferenceDL
t
1
t
2
RX Quality
hoThresholdQualDL
3
4
2
5
6
Serving cell
t
1
t
2
Adjacent cell(n)
HO
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
RX Quality Handover
(Execution)
AvRX quality value hoThresholdsQualDL/UL
Yes No
Inter cell handover Handover failure
Thresholds
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
RX Level Handover
(Execution)
AvRX level hoThresholdsLevDL/UL
Yes No
Inter cell handover Handover failure
Thresholds
hoThresholdsLevDL/UL -110..-47 dBm
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Power Budget Handover
(Execution)
Estimation of RX levels of adjacent cells
Adjacent cell with sufficient RX level / power budget
Yes No
Inter cell handover No handover
Must be enabled with
enablePwrBudgetHandover Y/N

Serving cell measurements need not exceed a threshold

Periodic check of RX levels of adjacent cells
hoPeriodPBGT 0..63 SACCH periods
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Umbrella Handover
(Parameters)
enableUmbrellaHandover (EUM) Y/N

Serving cell measurements need not exceed a threshold
hoLevelUmbrella (AUCL : ADJC, -47.-110, -47)

Periodic check of RX levels of adjacent cells
hoPeriodUmbrella(HPU: HOC,6) 0..63 SACCH periods

Thresholds to determine layers of adjacent cells
gsmMacrocellThreshold(GMAC:-35) 5..43 dBm for GSM 900 / 800
dcsMacrocellThreshold(DMAC:-26) 0..36/32 dBm for GSM 1800 / 1900
gsmMicrocellThreshold(GMIC:33) 5..43 dBm for GSM 900 / 800
dcsMicrocellThreshold(DMIC:24) 0..36/32 dBm for GSM 1800 / 1900
P
TCH
>= Macrocell Threshold -> adjacent cell = macro cell
Microcell Threshold < P
TCH
< Macrocell Threshold -> adjacent cell = middle size cell
P
TCH
<= MicrocellThreshold -> adjacent cell = micro cell

Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Umbrella Handover
(Adjacent Cell Classification)
Maximum MS output power allowed on TCH: P
TCH
-> defined for every adjacent cell
Maximum MS output capability : P
MAX
-> defined by power class
P
MAX
>= Macrocell Threshold -> only handover to macro cell
Microcell Threshold < P
MAX
< Macrocell Threshold -> only handover to middle size cell
P
MAX
<= MicrocellThreshold -> only handover to micro cell

Cell classification criteria: consider P
TCH
Handover criteria: consider P
MAX
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Umbrella Handover
(Execution)
Estimation of RX levels and P
TCH
check of adjacent cells
Ranking and layer classification of adjacent cells
condition 1b
Adjacent cell with sufficient RX level and of correct layer
Yes No
Inter cell handover No handover
Umbrella
handover to
micro cell
A
B
1800 Macro
hoLevelUmbrella = -85 dBm
gsmMacrocellThreshold = 30 dBm
gsmMicrocellThreshold = 20 dBm
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Umbrella Handover
(Example)
Threshold RX
level handover
95 dBm
Threshold umbrella
handover 85 dBm
msTxPwrMax(n) = 15 dBm -> micro cell
P
MAX
= 15 dBm -> handover to micro cell only
hoThresholdLevelDL = -95 dBm

1800 Micro
RX level handover
back to macro cell
macrocells
microcells
UMB,RR
PBGT,RR
PBGT,RR
UMB,RR
UMB umbrella HO
RR radio reason HO
PBGT power budget HO

Combined Umbrella & Power Budget HO
(Overview)
enablePowerBudgetHo(EPB) = Yes & enableUmbrellaHo(EUM) = Yes
Power budget handover to cells of the same layer
Umbrella handover to cells of different layer
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
UPPER layer (macro)
SAME layer (serving
layer)
LOWER layer (micro)
Predefinition of layer possible by adjCellLayer( ACL:N/SAME/UPPER/LOWER
Three layers visible relative to serving cell
Used for target cell evaluation
Combined umbrella and power budget
Handover based on MS speed
Fast moving MS handling in macro cell
N (no predefinition)
(Adjacent Cell Classification)
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Mobile distribution in multi layer networks based on speed

Slow moving MS -> lower layer (micro) cells -> optimum capacity use
Fast moving MS -> upper layer (macro) cells -> reduction of signalling traffic

Two proprietary Nokia features

Fast Moving Mobile Support (FMMS)
Estimation of MS speed based on number of measurement reports from
adjacent micro cells
used to move MS from UPPER (macro) to LOWER (micro) cell

MSSpeed Detection
Measurement of MS speed by counting fading dips
Used to move slow/fast MS from macro/micro to micro/macro cell
(Impact of MS Speed)
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Macro cell
Micro cell
time t
Counter
Slow moving MS
handover triggered
time t
(Fast Moving MS Support:FMMS)
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Estimation of MS speed based on measurement reports from adjacent micro cells
MS enters macro cell -> counter is started
rxLevMinCell (SL) -110..-47 dBm if micro cell has higher level -> counter +2
otherwise counter 1
fastMovingThreshold 0..255 SACCH frames if exceeded -> handover to micro cell triggered
(FMT:0) target cells selected as for umbrella handover
Threshold umbrella
handover 85 dBm
Fast moving
threshold 40
Micro cell has sufficient RX level
Handover possible
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Measurement of MS speed based on number of fading dips crossing the average signal level
The algorithm counts the rate at which the signal level crosses the averaged signal value.
Speed thresholds

upperSpeedLimit(USL) 0..255 units of 2 km/h if exceeded -> handover to upper layer (macro) cell
lowerSpeedLimit (LSL) 0..255 units of 2 km/h if exceeded -> handover to lower layer (micro) cell
Nx (STN) 1..32 Number of averaged values taken for comparison
Px (STP) 1..32 Number of averaged values which must exceed
threshold

Crossing rate measurements not reliable for

Frequency hopping network
DTX during current or previous SACCH frame
Power control
(MS Speed Detection)
BSC
BTS
BTS
Macro cell with RF hopping
Micro cells without RF hopping
fast MSs
slow MSs
Crossing rate algorithm
as no RF hopping
Adjacent cell
measurements
Handover
algorithm
(Combined MS Speed Handling)
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Upper speed threshold
exceeded
Slow MS
No crossing rate algorithm
because of RF hopping
But fast moving MS support
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
(MS Speed Handling Execution)
MS just entered macro cell
Counter = 0
condition 1a
Fulfilled -> counter + 2
Not fulfilled -> counter -1
Yes
Slow moving MS
HO to micro cell
Counter > fast moving
threshold
MS just entered micro cell
Measurement of MS speed
MS speed > upper
speed threshold
No
Fast moving MS
No HO
Yes
Fast moving MS
HO to macro cell
No
Slow moving MS
No HO
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
(MS Speed Handling Execution)
If MS power control is in progress, the HO & PC algorithm will discard the MS speed indications until the power
control is completed..
The MS speed estimations indicated before the POC start are valid for averaging and threshold comparison.

VARIABLE WINDOW SIZE feature is also used along with MS SPEED DETECTION feature.
In principle, high-speed MS should use shorter average window size and low speed MS should use longer average
window size.
PARAMETER:
MsSpeedDetectionState (SDS)(HOC):

0 MS speed info is used to control traffic between separate layers of the multi-layered network using HOC.

1-100 MS speed info is used to scale values of averaging parameters. If value is 80%, it means for a fast moving
MS, window size is 80% of average window size.
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Directed Retry
(Parameters)
No TCH available during call set up in serving cell -> handover to TCH of other cell

drInUse Y/N

Thresholds to be exceeded by target cell according condition (1a)
drMethod 0/1 Defined type of threshold
rxLevMinCell -110..-47 dBm Used if drMethod = 0
drThreshold -110..-47 dBm Used if drMethod = 1 and
drThreshold > rxLevMin Cell
Timers (to be counted from TCH assignment)
minTimeLimitDirectedRetry 0..14 s No target cell evaluation allowed
maxTimeLimitDirectedRetry 1..15 s Target cell evaluation allowed
SDCCH
TCH
congested Time
Assignment
Request
minTimeLimitDR
maxTimeLimitDR
DR not allowed
DR allowed
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
TCH available in serving cell
Directed Retry
(Execution)
Yes No
Estimation of RX levels
of adjacent cells
condition 1a
Adjacent cell with sufficient RX level
Yes No
Directed retry handover Call set up fails
Normal call
set up
Intelligent Directed Retry
congestion
macro cell (GSM cell)
micro cells
(MCN cells)
GSM subscriber
Both GSM and MCN cells
allowed as target
congestion
macro cell (GSM cell)
micro cells
(MCN cells)
NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Target cell selection including cell and subscriber type

idrUsed Y/N

Cell type classification
cellType GSM/MCN GSM = macro cell, MCN = micro cell

Subscriber classification by
Power class
Priority (defined by network administrator)

Directed Retry to external BSS
disableExtDr Y/N N possible only, if directed retry supported
by all BSCs and the MSC
MCN subscriber
Only MCN cells
allowed as target
MS BTS Distance Handover
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Target cell selection including cell and subscriber type

enableMSDistanceProcess(EMS:HOC) Y/N

Distance thresholds
msDistanceHoThresholdParam(MSR) 0..63 63 = maximum allowed distance
Nx (MSN) 1..32 Number of averaged values taken for comparison
Px (MSP) 1..32 Number of averaged values which must exceed threshold

Procedures after handover triggering
msDistanceBehaviour(DISB:BSC) 0 Call released immediately
1..60 s Handover attempt within given time
Unsuccessful attempt -> call released
255 Just handover attempt
Unsuccessful attempt -> call still supported by old cell
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Rapid Field Drop Handover
(Parameters)
Normal RX level handover -> triggered by averaged measurements
-> too slowly in case of rapid field drop
Rapid field drop handover -> triggered by raw measurements
-> can react immediately

Thresholds
hoThresholdsRapidLevUL(RPD:-110) -110..-47 dBm Raw uplink level to be exceeded
hoThresholdsRapidLevUIN(rpd(px)) 0..32 1..32 = number of consecutive measurements
which must exceed RX level threshold
0 = rapid field drop handover disabled

Target cell selection
chainedAdjacentCell (CHAIN) Y/N Cell must be defined as chained cell
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
(Execution)
Chained
Cell
1st
2nd
Serving cell
hoThresholdRapidLevUL = -93 dBm
hoThresholdRapidLevUlN = 2
chainedAdjacentCell = Y
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
(Example)
Threshold rapid field drop
handover 93 dBm
Handover
triggered
Serving Cell
MS moves away from cell site, the
signal is dropping gradually
MS turns a corner, the
signal drops rapidly
S
i
g
n
a
l

L
e
v
e
l
Time
MS moves away from cell site,
the signal is dropping gradually
MS turns a corner, the signal drops
faster than moving in straight line
S
i
g
n
a
l

L
e
v
e
l
Time
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Enhanced Rapid Field Drop Handover
(Scenarios)
Fast moving MS Slow moving MS
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
(Parameters)
Mast be enabled with
erfdEnabled(ERFD) DIS,UL,DL,UDL
DIS = disabled
UL/DL = rapid field drop based on only downlink/uplink considered
UDL = rapid field drop based on both considered

Thresholds
ddeThresholdsLev(ERT:10) 0..63 dB Field drop suffered by signal to be exceeded
Nx (ERN:2) 1..32 Number of single values taken for comparison
Px (ERP:3) 1..32 Number of single values which must exceed
threshold

Deep drop edge Monitoring window
ddeWindow (ERMW:2) 1..32 Field drop is determined by comparing current
measurement n with measurement n - ddeWindow
Handover
Serving cell
Adjacent cell
Field drop
threshold 20 dB
ddeWindow
Handover triggered
-83 -87 -63 -61 -60 -60 -89 -91 -94 -89 -89
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
(Field Drop Detection)
ddeWindow = 2 SACCH frames
ddeThresholdsLev = 20 dB
px = 2
nx = 3
Field drop 1 3 22 24
px 1 2
nx 1 2 3 4
Handover
Serving cell
Adjacent cell
Field drop
threshold 20 dB
ddeWindow
Handover triggered
-83 -87 -63 -61 -60 -60 -89 -91 -94 -89 -89
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
(Handover Speed Up)
averagingWindowSizeAdjCell = 4
modifiedAveWinNcell = 2
ErfdOver
Handover executed
Handover triggered -> modified averaging parameters for adjacent cell RX levels

modifiedAveWinNcell(ERAW: 2) 1..32 SACCH frames Shorter averaging window
modified NOZ (ENOZ:1) 1..32 Modified number of allowed zero results
erfdOver (ERD:10) 0..64 s New parameters valid until timer expires
Field drop detection
-> 5 SACCH frames
Handover execution
-> 2 SACCH frames
Total ->
7 SACCH frames
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Traffic Reason Handover(MSC Initiated)
TRHO (N,-47...-109) (ADJC) : If value is N traffic reason handover is disabled
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Serving cell with load > amhUpperLoadThreshold
Traffic Reason Handover
(BSC Initiated)
only according RX level
If Adjacent cell with sufficient RX level /
power budget thenload <
amhMaxLoadOfTgtCell
Yes No
Power budget
handover
Handover failure
Power budget
>=hoMarginPGBT
Power budget
< hoMarginPGBT
Traffic reason
handover
Must not be used together with
MSC initiated handover

Deactivation
amhTrhoPbgtMargin = N
Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Traffic Reason Handover
(BSC Initiated)
PARAMETERS

AmhUpperLoadThreshold (AUT) (BSC) (N...0 TO 100)

AmhTRHOPbgtMargin (ATPM) (HOC) (N.... -24 to 24dB)

AmhMaxLoadOfTgtCell (AML) (SEG) (N... 0 to 100)

TrhoGuardTime (TGT) (BTS) (N....0 to 120s)
HO back to the original cell is prevented during TGT period.

Handover
Control &
Adjacencies
Multi Layer / IUO
Network Load Control
Mast be enabled with
amhTrafficControlIUO Y/N Acts for IUO network
amhTrafficControlMCN Y/N Acts both for macro / micro cell and dual band
network

Thresholds
amhLowerLoadThreshold 0..100 % If there is little traffic in serving cell, the following
handovers are not allowed
IUO handover / direct access to super reuse
TRX (for IUO network)
Fast moving MS support / MS speed detection /
umbrella handover (for MCN or dual band
network)
-> MS is kept in coverage layer

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