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u
-u +
y y y y x
c c c
+
c c c
c c
c c
i i i
i
i i
i i
u u u v v
v
y x
x y
y y y
+
c ( c
(
= =
+
c
c
c
c
i 1 i
i
i
i
i
i
i
u v
u
y
x x
J
u
v v
y y
i i i
i
i
i
i
i
i i i
x
-
v u
u v
-
v u v
u
y
u v
y x y
x y y
x
x
+ +
+ +
c
c
c
c
(
+ =
(
c c
+ +
c
c
c
c
c c
+ +
c c
(
+ =
c
(
i
i 1 i 1 1
i 1
i
i
i
i i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i i 1 2
u
y
v
x
v v
v x y
x y
u u
u x y
x
x y C
x y
u
x
v
y
C
y
14
MTODO DE NEWTON RAPHSON EN SISTEMAS DE
ECUACIONES NO LINEALES
La solucin del sistema es:
Donde J es el determinante jacobiano del sistema
+
c c
c c
=
i i
i i
i 1 i
v u
u v
y y
x x
J
+
c c
c c
=
i i
i i
i 1 i
u v
v u
x x
y y
J
15
Ejemplo 1:Calcule las races con xi=1.5,yi=3.5
= + + =
2 2
u V
0 10 57 y 3 y x x 0 y x
= + = + = = =
= = = = +
c
c
c
= + =
c
2 i
i
2
2 2( ) 6.5 1 y 3.5
y
.5
3 3 3
u
x 1
.5 ( ) 36.75 1 6 1
.5 x
x
x 1 6( )( ) 3 .5 2
v
y
y 3 .5 .5
i
i
u
y
v
1.5000
x
i i
x = y = 3.5000
= = =
= + =
= +
=
2
1
1
2
u
36.75
10
5
6.5
1.5
( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )( )
3( )( )
3.5
3 J 156.125
1.5
1.
2 1
5
2
v 1.
.5
3.5 3.5 7
. . 5
625
5
i i i i
u
x
u
-
y
v
y
v
x
+
+
c
c
c
c
= = =
= = =
c
c c
c
i
i
i
i
i
i
1
i
i
1
i
i
i
i
x x 1.5
u
( ) (
y y 3.
u
1.
v
1.625
v
1.625
u
6.5
J 156.125
J 156.12
2.5
v
3
u
2.
2
5
. )
( ) ( )
v
36.
5
5 y
7
x x
5
( 5)
5 y
2.
2.
0360
8438
ITERACION 1
16
iteracin
x
i
y
i
u
i
v
i
cui/cx cui/cy cvi/cx cvi/cy
Jacobiano
1 1.5 3.5 -2.5 1.625 6.5 1.5 36.75 32.5 156.125
2 2.0360 2.8438
x
2
+ xy - 10 = 0 y + 3xy
2
- 57 = 0
xi = 2.0360
yi = 2.8438
Tabla iteracin 1
17
= + + =
2 2
u V
0 10 57 y 3 y x x 0 y x
= + = + = = =
= = = = + =
c
c
c
c
+ =
i
2 i 2
2 2( ) 6.9158
3 3( ) 24.2616 1 6 1 6( )( ) 35.
u
x x y
7
x
x 9 y 3 y 9
v
y
i i
x = y =
i
i
2.0360
2.0360 2.0360
2.0360
2.8438
2.8438
2.8438 2.843
u
x
8
y
v
= = =
= +
=
=
+
=
1
2
1
2
6.9158
2.0360 2.036 2.8
35.
438
2.8438 2.843 v 4
( 24.26
.7596
16
10
57
)( ) (
u 0.
J 197.7
064
734 )( )
( ) ( )( )
3( )(
2.
8
7
7
)
39
0
2.
0 9 360
0360
i i i i
v
v
y
-
u
x x
u
y
( )
+
+
c
c
= = =
=
c
c
c
c
c
=
=
i
i
i
i
i
i 1 i
i
i
i
1 i
i
v
35.7399
y
y y 2.8438
u
2.
x x 2.0
v
4.7596
v
4.
( ) ( )
(
360
u
6.9158
u
0.0647
J
v
) (
u
197.7734
J 197.7
0.064 )(2 7 4.2616
x
596
0360
y
7
7 )
x
34
1.9987
3.0023
ITERACION 2
18
iteracin
x
i
y
i
u
i
v
i
cui/cx cui/cy cvi/cx cvi/cy
Jacobiano
1 1.5 3.5 -2.5 1.625 6.5 1.5 36.75 32.5 156.125
2 2.0360 2.8438 -0.0647 -4.7596 6.9158 2.0360 24.2616 35.7399 197.77
3 1.9987 3.0023
x
2
+ xy - 10 = 0 y + 3xy
2
- 57 = 0
xi = 1.9987
yi = 3.0023
Tabla iteracin 2
19
= + = + = = =
= = = = + =
c
c
c
c
+ =
i
2 i 2
2 2( ) 6.9997
3 3( ) 21.0414 1 6 1 6( )( ) 35.
u
x x y
0
x
x 4 y 0 y 2
v
y
i i
x = y =
i
i
1.9987
1.9987 1.9987
1.9987
3.0023
3.0023
3.0023 3.002
u
x
3
y
v
= = =
= + =
= =
+
1
2
2
1
( )( ) ( ) J 204 37 .9 .004 707
u
6.999 ( )
(
1.998
) ( )( )
3( )
27.0414
v 0.0
7 7
0.0045
499 7
2
5 ( )
10
i i i i
u
x
1.9987 1.9987
1.9
-
3.0023
3.0023 3.
u
y
002 98
v
x
3 7
v
y
( )
+
+
c
c
c
= = =
= =
c
c
=
c
c
c
i
i
i 1 i
i 1 i
i
i
i i
i
i
y
u v
35
J 204.9707
J
.9987
y
7.00
v
v
21.041
0.0499 42
y
v
0.0
u
0.
499
x x 1.9987
u
6.9997
( ) (1 )
( )
0045
u
0.004 4 5
20
( )(
x
4.
y
)
x
9707
3.0023
2
3.
.0000
0000
ITERACION 3
20
= + =
= + =
2
1
2
1
u ( ) ( )( ) 10 0.0000
v 3( )( ) 57 0.0000
i i
x = 2
2
y
3
2
2
= 3
3
3
ITERACION 4
Tabla de iteraciones y grfica de la solucion
iteracin
x
i
y
i
u
i
v
i
cui/cx cui/cy cvi/cx cvi/cy
Jacobiano
1 1.5 3.5 -2.5 1.625 6.5 1.5 36.75 32.5 156.125
2 2.0360 2.8438 -0.0647 -4.7596 6.9158 2.0360 24.2616 35.7399 197.77
3 1.9987 3.0023 -0.0045 0.0499 6.9997 1.9987 27.0414 37.0042 204.9707
4 2.0000 3.0000 0 0
x
2
+ xy - 10 = 0 y + 3xy
2
- 57 = 0
El proceso se para debido a que los valores de ui y de vi son
cero, lo cual indica que se ha llegado a la raz.
21
Ejemplo 2:Calcule las races de
( ) ( )
= =
2 2
2 2
u
V
16 0 4 0 y 4 x 4 y x
ITERACION 1
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= = = =
c
c
c
c
= =
= = = = = =
i
i
2 2( ) 4 2 2 7
2 4 2 4 4
y
u
x 2
2 4 2 4 1
v
x
y
x
y 2
i i
x = 3.5000
3
.5
3.5
y =
i
i
2
y
v
x
u
( )
= = =
= =
=
=
+
2 2
1
1
2
2
( )( ) ( )( )
( ) (3
1
.
v 0.25
5
3.
u
4
16
5
)
4 4 (
2
J
.
4
4
7
2
)
5
24
2
i i i i
u
x
v
y y
u
x
-
v
( ) ( )
( )
+
+
c
c
= =
c
=
c
=
c
c
= =
c
c
i
i
i 1 i
i 1 i
i i
i
i
i i
y
v
4
x
J 24
J
y 3.5
x
v
0.25
v
0.2
(
5
u
0.25
x 2
u
4
x
) ( )
u
0. ( ) (
24
u
7
y
2 ( )
v
1
y
5)
2.0625
3.5
22
ITERACION 2
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= = = = = =
= = = = =
c
c
=
c
c
i
i
2 2( ) 4.125 2 2 7
2 4 2 4 3.875 2 4 2 4
y
1
x
v
u
y
x
x y
i i
3.5000
3.
x = y =
5
3.5
i
i
2.0625
2.062
v
x
u
5
2
y
.0625
( )
= = =
= =
=
+
=
2 2
2
1
2
1
4.125
2.
3.875
16 u 0.5
(
0
1
3
)( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )
4 4 ( 4)
9
v 0.00
0625 3.5
3.5 39 2
J 23 7
.0625
i i i i
u
v
y
v
x x
u
y
-
( ) ( )
( )
+
+
c
c
c
= = =
=
c
c
= =
c
c
i 1
i
i
i
i
i
i
i 1
i
i
i
i
v
y y 3.
u
0.50
v
0.0039
v
0.0039
u
7
x x 2.0625
u
4
( ) ( )
( ) .12
39
u
J 23
J 2
0
v
1
.5
5
0 5
x
39 3.875
x
( )( )
y y
3
2.0
3.
856
4144
23
ITERACION 3
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= = = = = =
= = = = =
c
c
c
=
c
i
i
2 2( ) 4.1712 2 2 6.8288
2 4 2 4 3.8288
v
u
x
x
2 4 2 4 1.171
y
y
2 y
i i
3.4144
3.4
x =
144
3.4
1
=
4
y
4
i
i
2.0856
2.0856
2.0856 2.08
56
v
x
u
y
( )
= = =
= =
=
+
=
1
2 2
2
1
2
( )( ) ( )( ) 21.2608
( )
1
3.
6
4
.8
14
4.1712 3.888
16
.1712
u 0. 2 0 .0 07 85
v 0.007
9
2
( )
8
4
3.414
6
2. 4 0 9 8 4
J
(
8
) 56 4 4
i i i i
u
y
u v v
x y x
-
( ) ( )
( )
+
+
= = =
= =
c
=
c
c
c
c
i
i
i 1
i 1
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
y
v
3.8288
x
y 3.414
u
6.82
v
J 2
0.0079
v
0.007
( ) ( )
(
x x 2.0856
u
4.
v
) (
u
12
1.
5
0 1. .0079
u
0
2
.
608
J 21.260
)(
x
1712
y
007
8
8
9
4
8
y
) 9
2.
3.
08857
4114
24
Iteracin 4
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
= + =
= =
2 2
1
2 2
1
u 16 0.0002
v 4 4 4 0.0000
2.08857 3.4114
2.08857 3.4114
iteraci
n
x
i
y
i
u
i
v
i
cui/cx cui/cy cvi/cx cvi/cy
Jacobiano
1 2 3.5 0,25 -0,25 -4 -7 4 1 24
2 2,0625 3,5 --0,5039 --0,0039 -4,125 -7 3,875 1 23
3 2,0856 3,4144 -0,0079 -0,0079 -4,1712 -6,8288 3,8288 1,1712 21,2608
4 2,08857 3,4114 0,0002 0,0000
25
Ejemplo 3:Calcule las races aproximadas
con tres iteraciones
= =
2 2
u V
x x 3 y .2 . y
ITERACION 1
c
= = = =
=
c
c
=
c
c
c c
=
c
=
i
i
i
i
v
2 2( ) 2.8 1
1
1.4
2 2
u
x
v
y
y 1
x
( ) . . 8
u
y x
4 2
i i
x = y = 1.4 1.4
= = =
= + =
=
c
c
c c c
c
=
c
1
2
2
i
1
i i i
J 6.8
v
1
x
.2
( )( )
u .36
v
( )( )
u
( ) ( )
(
1.4
1.
u
2.8
x
) (
1.4
1.4)
v
2.8
y
.3
y
4
1 4
.26
+
+
c
c
=
c
= =
=
c
c
c
=
c
=
c
i
i 1 i
i
i
i
i
1
i
i
i
i
i
x x 1.4 1.2146
u
2.8
x
. ( ) ( )
. (
J 6.
v
2
84
)
u
u
36
(.
v
.
u
36)
y y 1.
2
v
1 ( )
J 6.
.
8
1
4
4
y 6
v
26
1.
x
8 y
2409
26
ITERACION 2
c
c
c
= = = =
= = = =
c
c
c c
c
i i
i i
v
x
2 2( ) 2.4292 1
1
u
x 1.2146
x
y 1.2 2 2( ) 2.481
u
8 4
y
y
9
v
0
i i
1.21 x = 1.24 y 46 = 09
= = =
= + =
= =
c c
c c c
c
c
c
i i
2
2
1
1
i i
u
2.4292
x
1.
( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) . u 0343
v
2.4818
1.2
214
409
v
1
x
1.240 2 .
( ) (
6
1.2146 v )
J 5.028
.3
u
.
7 1
y
9
y
0252
+
+
c
c
=
c
= =
=
c
c
c
=
c
=
c
i
i
i
1 i
i
i 1 i
i i
i
i
i
x x 1.2146 1.1927
u
2.4292
x
. ( ) . ( )
.
u
0343
u
025
v
2
J 5.028
( )
u
1
(
v
1)
x
2 .0343
y
)
v
0
(
y
.4
y 1
252
v
7
J 5.0287
.2409 1.
818 y
2220
27
ITERACION 3
c
c
c
= = = =
= = = =
c
c
c c
c
i i
i i
v
x
2 2( ) 2.3854 1
1 y 1.22
v
2 2( ) 2.444
u
x 1.1927
y
y
x
u
20 0
i i
1.1927 x = 1.2220 y =
= = =
= =
= =
c c
c c c
c
c
c
i i
2
2
1
1
i i
u
2.3854
x
1.
( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) . u .0025
v
2.4440
1.2220
1.2220
v
1
x
2
( ) (
1927
1.1927)
J 4.8299
u
1
.3 .
y
v
y
0006
+
+
c
c
=
c
= =
=
c
c
c
=
c
=
c
i
i
i
1 i
i
i 1 i
i i
i
i
i
x x 1.1927 1.1914
u
2.3854
x
. ( ) . ( )
.
v
0006
v
000
v
2
J 4.829
( )
u
00
(.
v
1
x
25
u
0025)( 6
.444
)
u
1 y
9
J 4.829
y y 1.2220 1.
y
9
0
2212
28
= =
2 2
u V
x y .2 y x .3
=
=
2
2
( ) ( ) .2 .0017
(
1.1914
1.191 ) ( )
1.2
.3
212
1.2 .0 1 4 2 2 0007
iteracin
x
i
Y
i
u
i
V
i
cui/cx cui/cy cvi/cx cvi/cy
Jacobiano
1 1.4 1.4 .26 .36 2.8 -1 -1 2.8 6.84
2 1.2146 1.2409 .0343 .0252 2.4292 -1 -1 2.4818 5.0287
3 1.1927 1.2220 .0025 .0006 2.3854 -1 -1 2.4440 2.4289
4 1.1914 1.2212 -0.0017 -0.00007
29