Comparison and Contrast Between The OSI and TCP/IP Model

Comparison and Contrast
Comparison and Contrast

between the OSI and
between the OSI and
TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP Model
Introduction
Introduction
This presentation would discuss some

This presentation would discuss some
comparison and contrast between the 2 main
comparison and contrast between the 2 main
reference models which uses the concept of
reference models which uses the concept of
protocol layering.
protocol layering.
Open System Interconnection Model OSI!

Open System Interconnection Model OSI!
Transport Control Protocol /Internet Protocol

Transport Control Protocol /Internet Protocol
TCP/IP!
TCP/IP!
Introduction
Introduction
The topics that we will be discussing

The topics that we will be discussing
would be based on the diagram below.
would be based on the diagram below.
OSI
TCP/IP
Application(Layer7)
Application
Presentation(Layer6)
Session(Layer5)
Transport(Layer4) Transport
Network(Layer) Internet
!ataLink(Layer")
S#$net
P%ysical(Layer&)
Outline
Outline
Compare the protocol layers that

Compare the protocol layers that
correspond to each other.
correspond to each other.
"eneral Comparison
"eneral Comparison
#ocus of $eliability Control

$oles of %ost system

$oles of %ost system
&e'(ure )s. &e'facto

The *pper +ayers
The *pper +ayers
OSI TCP/IP
Application(Layer7)
Application
Presentation(Layer6)
Session(Layer5)
Session
Session
Presentation
Presentation
,pplication
,pplication
The Session +ayer
The Session +ayer
The Session layer
The Session layer
permits two parties to
permits two parties to
hold ongoing communications called a
hold ongoing communications called a
session across a networ-
session across a networ-
.
.
.ot found in TCP/IP model

In TCP/IP/its
In TCP/IP/its
characteristics
characteristics
are
are
pro)ided by the TCP protocol.
pro)ided by the TCP protocol.
Transport +ayer!
Transport +ayer!
The Presentation +ayer
The Presentation +ayer
The Presentation +ayer handles data format
The Presentation +ayer handles data format
information for networ-ed communications.
information for networ-ed communications.
This is done by con)erting data into a generic
This is done by con)erting data into a generic
format that could be understood by both
format that could be understood by both
sides.
sides.

In TCP/IP/ this function is pro)ided by the

In TCP/IP/ this function is pro)ided by the
,pplication +ayer.
,pplication +ayer.
e.g.
e.g. 01ternal &ata $epresentation Standard 2&$! 01ternal &ata $epresentation Standard 2&$!
Multipurpose Internet Mail 01tensions Multipurpose Internet Mail 01tensions MIM0! MIM0!
The ,pplication +ayer
The ,pplication +ayer
The ,pplication +ayer is the top layer of the reference The ,pplication +ayer is the top layer of the reference
model. It pro)ides a set of interfaces for applications model. It pro)ides a set of interfaces for applications
to obtain access to networ-ed ser)ices as well as to obtain access to networ-ed ser)ices as well as
access to the -inds of networ- ser)ices that support access to the -inds of networ- ser)ices that support
applications directly. applications directly.
OSI OSI ' #T,M/3T/M%S/&S/CMIP ' #T,M/3T/M%S/&S/CMIP

TCP/IP TCP/IP ' #TP/SMTP/T0+.0T/&.S/S.MP ' #TP/SMTP/T0+.0T/&.S/S.MP
,lthough the notion of an application process is ,lthough the notion of an application process is
common to both/ their approaches to constructing common to both/ their approaches to constructing
application entities is different. application entities is different.

,pproaches use in constructing
,pproaches use in constructing
application entities
application entities
The diagram below pro)ides an o)erall )iew on the The diagram below pro)ides an o)erall )iew on the
methods use by both the methods use by both the OSI OSI and and TCP/IP TCP/IP model. model.
ISO ,pproach
ISO ,pproach
Sometime called
Sometime called
%ori4ontal ,pproach
%ori4ontal ,pproach
OSI asserts that distributed applications

OSI asserts that distributed applications
operate o)er a strict hierarchy of layers and
operate o)er a strict hierarchy of layers and
are constructed from a common tool -it of
are constructed from a common tool -it of
standardi4ed application ser)ice elements.
standardi4ed application ser)ice elements.

In OSI/ each distributed application ser)ice

In OSI/ each distributed application ser)ice
selects functions from a large common
selects functions from a large common
5toolbo16 of application ser)ice element
5toolbo16 of application ser)ice element
,S0s! and complements these with
,S0s! and complements these with
application ser)ice elements that perform
application ser)ice elements that perform
functions specific to gi)en end'user ser)ice .
functions specific to gi)en end'user ser)ice .
TCP/IP ,pproach
TCP/IP ,pproach
Sometime called
Sometime called
3ertical ,pproach
3ertical ,pproach
In TCP/IP/ each application entity is

In TCP/IP/ each application entity is
composed of whate)er set of function it
composed of whate)er set of function it
needs beyond end to end transport to support
needs beyond end to end transport to support
a distributed communications ser)ice.
a distributed communications ser)ice.
Most of these application processes builds on

Most of these application processes builds on
what it needs and assumes only that an
what it needs and assumes only that an
underlying transport mechanism datagram or
underlying transport mechanism datagram or
connection! will be pro)ided.
connection! will be pro)ided.
Transport +ayer
Transport +ayer
The functionality of the transport layer is

The functionality of the transport layer is
to pro)ide 5transparent transfer of data
to pro)ide 5transparent transfer of data
from a source end open system to a
from a source end open system to a
destination end open system6 ISO /
destination end open system6 ISO /
I0C 789:; <9:8!.
I0C 789:; <9:8!.
OSI
TCP/IP
Transport(Layer4) Transport(TCP/'!P)
Transport +ayer
Transport +ayer
Transport is responsible for creating

Transport is responsible for creating
and maintaining the basic end'to'end
and maintaining the basic end'to'end
connection between communicating
connection between communicating
open systems/ ensuring that the bits
open systems/ ensuring that the bits
deli)ered to the recei)er are the same
deli)ered to the recei)er are the same
as the bits transmitted by the sender= in
as the bits transmitted by the sender= in
the same order and without
the same order and without
modification/ loss or duplication
modification/ loss or duplication
OSI Transport +ayer
OSI Transport +ayer
It ta-es the information to be sent and brea-s

It ta-es the information to be sent and brea-s
it into indi)idual pac-ets that are sent and
it into indi)idual pac-ets that are sent and
reassembled into a complete message by the
reassembled into a complete message by the
Transport +ayer at the recei)ing node
Transport +ayer at the recei)ing node
,lso pro)ide a signaling ser)ice for the

,lso pro)ide a signaling ser)ice for the
remote node so that the sending node is
remote node so that the sending node is
notified when its data is recei)ed successfully
notified when its data is recei)ed successfully
by the recei)ing node
by the recei)ing node
OSI Transport +ayer
OSI Transport +ayer
Transport +ayer protocols include the

Transport +ayer protocols include the
capability to ac-nowledge the receipt of
capability to ac-nowledge the receipt of
a pac-et= if no ac-nowledgement is
a pac-et= if no ac-nowledgement is
recei)ed/ the Transport +ayer protocol
recei)ed/ the Transport +ayer protocol
can retransmit the pac-et or time'out
can retransmit the pac-et or time'out
the connection and signal an error
the connection and signal an error
OSI Transport +ayer
OSI Transport +ayer
Transport protocols can also mar- pac-ets

Transport protocols can also mar- pac-ets
with se>uencing information so that the
with se>uencing information so that the
destination system can properly order the
destination system can properly order the
pac-ets if they?re recei)ed out'of'se>uence
pac-ets if they?re recei)ed out'of'se>uence
In addition/ Transport protocols pro)ide

In addition/ Transport protocols pro)ide
facilities for insuring the integrity of pac-ets
facilities for insuring the integrity of pac-ets
and re>uesting retransmission should the
and re>uesting retransmission should the
pac-et become garbled when routed.
pac-et become garbled when routed.
OSI Transport +ayer
OSI Transport +ayer
Transport protocols pro)ide the

Transport protocols pro)ide the
capability for multiple application
capability for multiple application
processes to access the networ- by
processes to access the networ- by
using indi)idual local addresses to
using indi)idual local addresses to
determine the destination process for
determine the destination process for
each data stream
each data stream
TCP/IP Transport +ayer
&efines two standard transport

&efines two standard transport
protocols; TCP and *&P
protocols; TCP and *&P
TCP implements a reliable data'stream

TCP implements a reliable data'stream
protocol
protocol
connection oriented
connection oriented
*&P implements an unreliable data'

*&P implements an unreliable data'
stream
stream
connectionless
connectionless
TCP pro)ides reliable data transmission

TCP pro)ides reliable data transmission
*&P is useful in many applications

*&P is useful in many applications
eg. @here data needs to be broadcasted

eg. @here data needs to be broadcasted
or multicasted
or multicasted
Primary difference is that *&P does not

Primary difference is that *&P does not
necessarily pro)ide reliable data
necessarily pro)ide reliable data
transmission
transmission
Many programs will use a separate TCP

Many programs will use a separate TCP
connection as well as a *&P
connection as well as a *&P
connection
connection
TCP is responsible for data reco)ery

TCP is responsible for data reco)ery
by pro)iding a se>uence number with each

by pro)iding a se>uence number with each
pac-et that it sends
pac-et that it sends
TCP re>uires ,CA ac-owledgement! to

TCP re>uires ,CA ac-owledgement! to
ensure correct data is recei)ed
ensure correct data is recei)ed
Pac-et can be retransmitted if error

Pac-et can be retransmitted if error
detected
detected
*se of ,CA
*se of ,CA
#low control with

#low control with
Window
Window
)ia specifying an acceptable range of

)ia specifying an acceptable range of
se>uence numbers
se>uence numbers
TCP and *&P introduce the concept of

TCP and *&P introduce the concept of
ports
ports
Common ports and the ser)ices that

Common ports and the ser)ices that
run on them;
run on them;
#TP #TP 2< and 2B 2< and 2B
telnet telnet 2C 2C
SMTP SMTP 2D 2D
http http :B :B
POPC POPC <<B <<B

Ey specifying ports and including port

Ey specifying ports and including port
numbers with TCP/*&P data/
numbers with TCP/*&P data/
multiplexing
multiplexing
is
is
achie)ed
achie)ed
Multiple1ing allows multiple networ-

Multiple1ing allows multiple networ-
connections to ta-e place simultaneously
connections to ta-e place simultaneously
The port numbers/ along with the source and

The port numbers/ along with the source and
destination addresses for the data/ determine
destination addresses for the data/ determine
a
a
socket
socket
Comparing Transport for both
Models
Models
The features of *&P and TCP defined at

The features of *&P and TCP defined at
TCP/IP Transport +ayer correspond to many
TCP/IP Transport +ayer correspond to many
of the re>uirements of the OSI Transport
of the re>uirements of the OSI Transport
+ayer. There is a bit of bleed o)er for
+ayer. There is a bit of bleed o)er for
re>uirements in the session layer of OSI
re>uirements in the session layer of OSI
since se>uence numbers/ and port )alues
since se>uence numbers/ and port )alues
can help to allow the Operating System to
can help to allow the Operating System to
-eep trac- of sessions/ but most of the TCP
-eep trac- of sessions/ but most of the TCP
and *&P functions and specifications map to
and *&P functions and specifications map to
the OSI Transport +ayer.
the OSI Transport +ayer.

Models
Models
The TCP/IP and OSI architecture models

The TCP/IP and OSI architecture models
both employ all connection and
both employ all connection and
connectionless models at transport layer.
connectionless models at transport layer.
%owe)er/ the internet architecture refers to
%owe)er/ the internet architecture refers to
the two models in TCP/IP as simply
the two models in TCP/IP as simply
5connections6 and datagrams. Eut the OSI
5connections6 and datagrams. Eut the OSI
reference model/ with its penchant for
reference model/ with its penchant for
5precise6 terminology/ uses the terms
5precise6 terminology/ uses the terms
connection'mode and connection'oriented for
connection'mode and connection'oriented for
the connection model and the term
the connection model and the term
connectionless'mode for the connectionless
connectionless'mode for the connectionless
model.
model.
.etwor- )s. Internet
+i-e all the other OSI +ayers/ the networ-

+i-e all the other OSI +ayers/ the networ-
layer pro)ides both connectionless and
layer pro)ides both connectionless and
connection'oriented ser)ices. ,s for the
connection'oriented ser)ices. ,s for the
TCP/IP architecture/ the internet layer is
TCP/IP architecture/ the internet layer is
e1clusi)ely connectionless.
e1clusi)ely connectionless.
OSI
TCP/IP
Network(Layer) Internet
2.2D Pac-et +e)el Protocol F OSI?s

2.2D Pac-et +e)el Protocol F OSI?s
Connection'oriented .etwor- Protocol
Connection'oriented .etwor- Protocol

The CCITT standard for 2.2D defines the &T0/&C0 The CCITT standard for 2.2D defines the &T0/&C0
interface standard to pro)ide access to a pac-et' interface standard to pro)ide access to a pac-et'
switched networ-. It is the networ- le)el interface/ switched networ-. It is the networ- le)el interface/
which specifies a )irtual circuit 3C! ser)ice. , source which specifies a )irtual circuit 3C! ser)ice. , source
host must establish a connection a 3C! with the host must establish a connection a 3C! with the
destination host before data transfer can ta-e place. destination host before data transfer can ta-e place.
The networ- attempts to deli)er pac-ets flowing o)er The networ- attempts to deli)er pac-ets flowing o)er
a 3C in se>uence. a 3C in se>uence.
Connectionless .etwor- Ser)ice

Connectionless .etwor- Ser)ice

Eoth OSI and TCP/IP support a connectionless Eoth OSI and TCP/IP support a connectionless
networ- ser)ice; OSI as an alternati)e to networ- networ- ser)ice; OSI as an alternati)e to networ-
connections and TCP/IP as the only way in use. connections and TCP/IP as the only way in use.
Internetwor-ing Protocols
Internetwor-ing Protocols

OSI?s C+.P ISO/I0C :87C; <99C! is functionally OSI?s C+.P ISO/I0C :87C; <99C! is functionally
identical to the Internet?s IP $PC 79<!. Eoth identical to the Internet?s IP $PC 79<!. Eoth
C+.P and IP are best'effort'deli)ery networ- C+.P and IP are best'effort'deli)ery networ-
protocols. Eit niggling aside/ they are )irtually protocols. Eit niggling aside/ they are )irtually
identical. The ma(or difference between the two is identical. The ma(or difference between the two is
that C+.P accommodates )ariable'length that C+.P accommodates )ariable'length
addresses/ whereas IP supports fi1ed/ C2'bit addresses/ whereas IP supports fi1ed/ C2'bit
address. address.
Internet(IP)A((resses
Internet(IP)A((resses
The lnternet networ- address is more commonly The lnternet networ- address is more commonly
called the 5IP address.6 It consists of C2 bits/ some called the 5IP address.6 It consists of C2 bits/ some
of which are allocated to a high'order networ-' of which are allocated to a high'order networ-'
number number part and the remainder of which are part and the remainder of which are
allocated to a low'order host'number allocated to a low'order host'number part. The part. The
distribution of bits ' how many form the networ- distribution of bits ' how many form the networ-
number/ and how many are therefore left for the number/ and how many are therefore left for the
host number ' can be done in one of three host number ' can be done in one of three
different ways/ gi)ing three different different ways/ gi)ing three different classes classes of IP of IP
address address
OSINetworkLayerA((ressin)
OSINetworkLayerA((ressin)
ISO/I0C and CCITT (ointly administer the global ISO/I0C and CCITT (ointly administer the global
networ- addressing domain. The initial networ- addressing domain. The initial
hierarchical decomposition of the .S,P address is hierarchical decomposition of the .S,P address is
defined by ISO/I0C :C8:!. The standard specifies defined by ISO/I0C :C8:!. The standard specifies
the synta1 and the allowable )alues for the high' the synta1 and the allowable )alues for the high'
order part of the address ' the Initial &omain Part order part of the address ' the Initial &omain Part
I&P!/ which consists of the ,uthority and #ormat I&P!/ which consists of the ,uthority and #ormat
Identifier ,#I! and the Initial &omain Identifier Identifier ,#I! and the Initial &omain Identifier
I&I! ' but specifically eschews constraints on or I&I! ' but specifically eschews constraints on or
recommendations concerning the synta1 or recommendations concerning the synta1 or
semantics of the domain specific part &SP!. semantics of the domain specific part &SP!.
OSI $outing ,rchitecture

OSI $outing ,rchitecture

0nd systems 0Ss! and intermediate systems 0nd systems 0Ss! and intermediate systems
ISs! use routing protocols to distribute ISs! use routing protocols to distribute
5ad)ertise6! some or all of the information stored 5ad)ertise6! some or all of the information stored
in their locally maintained routing information in their locally maintained routing information
base. 0Ss and ISs send and recei)e these routing base. 0Ss and ISs send and recei)e these routing
updates and use the information that they contain updates and use the information that they contain
and information that may be a)ailable from the and information that may be a)ailable from the
local en)ironment/ such as information entered local en)ironment/ such as information entered
manually by an operator! to modify their routing manually by an operator! to modify their routing
information base. information base.
TCP/IP $outing ,rchitecture

TCP/IP $outing ,rchitecture

The TCP/IP routing architecture loo-s )ery much The TCP/IP routing architecture loo-s )ery much
li-e the OSI routing architecture. %osts use a li-e the OSI routing architecture. %osts use a
disco)ery protocol to obtain the identification of disco)ery protocol to obtain the identification of
gateways and other hosts attached to the same gateways and other hosts attached to the same
networ- subnetwor-!. "ateways within networ- subnetwor-!. "ateways within
autonomous systems routing domains! operate autonomous systems routing domains! operate
an interior gateway protocol intradomain IS'IS an interior gateway protocol intradomain IS'IS
routing protocol!/ and between autonomous routing protocol!/ and between autonomous
systems/ they operate e1terior or border gateway systems/ they operate e1terior or border gateway
protocols interdomain routing protocols!. The protocols interdomain routing protocols!. The
details are different but the principles are the details are different but the principles are the
same. same.
&ata lin- / Physical )s. Subnet
&ata lin- layer &ata lin- layer
The function of the Data Link Layer is provides for the control of
the physical layer, and detects and possibly corrects errors which
may occur (IOS/IE !"#$%&#$"'( In another words, the )ata
*in+ *ayer transforms a stream of raw bits (,s and &s' from the
physical into a data frame and provides an error-free transfer from
one node to another, allowin. the layers above it to assume
virtually error-free transmission
OSI
TCP/IP
!ataLink(Layer")
S#$net
P%ysical(Layer&)

Physical layer Physical layer
The function of the Physical Layer is to provide

mechanical, electrical, functional, and procedural
means to activate a physical connection for bit
transmission (ISO/IE !"#$%&#$"'( /asically, this
means that the typical role of the physical layer is to
transform bits in a computer system into
electroma.netic (or e0uivalent' si.nals for a particular
transmission medium (wire, fiber, ether, etc('
Comparing to TCP/IP
Comparing to TCP/IP
These 1 layers of the OSI correspond directly to the subnet layer

of the T2/I2 model(
3a4ority of the time, the lower layers below the Interface or

5etwor+ layer of the T2/I2 model are seldom or rarely
discussed( The T2/I2 model does nothin. but to hi.h li.ht the
fact the host has to connect to the networ+ usin. some protocol so
it can send I2 pac+ets over it( /ecause the protocol used is not
defines, it will vary from host to host and networ+ to networ+
Comparing to TCP/IP
Comparing to TCP/IP
6fter much deliberation by or.ani7ations, it was

decided that the 5etwor+ Interface *ayer in the T2/I2
model corresponds to a combination of the OSI )ata
*in+ *ayer and networ+ specific functions of the OSI
networ+ layer (e. IEEE 1,8(8'(
Since these two layers deal with functions that are so

inherently specific to each individual networ+in.
technolo.y, the layerin. principle of .roupin. them
to.ether related functions is lar.ely irrelevant(
"eneral Comparison
"eneral Comparison

$oles of %ost System


Implementation of the OSI model places emphasis on Implementation of the OSI model places emphasis on
pro)iding a reliable data transfer ser)ice/ while the TCP/IP pro)iding a reliable data transfer ser)ice/ while the TCP/IP
model treats reliability as an end'to'end problem. model treats reliability as an end'to'end problem.

0ach layer of the OSI model detects and handles errors/ 0ach layer of the OSI model detects and handles errors/
all data transmitted includes chec-sums. The transport all data transmitted includes chec-sums. The transport
layer of the OSI model chec-s source'to'destination layer of the OSI model chec-s source'to'destination
reliability. reliability.

In the TCP/IP model/ reliability control is concentrated at In the TCP/IP model/ reliability control is concentrated at
the transport layer. The transport layer handles all error the transport layer. The transport layer handles all error
detection and reco)ery. The TCP/IP transport layer uses detection and reco)ery. The TCP/IP transport layer uses
chec-sums/ ac-nowledgments/ and timeouts to control chec-sums/ ac-nowledgments/ and timeouts to control
transmissions and pro)ides end'to'end )erification transmissions and pro)ides end'to'end )erification
.
.

%osts on OSI implementations do not

%osts on OSI implementations do not
handle networ- operations simple
handle networ- operations simple
terminal!/ but TCP/IP hosts participate
terminal!/ but TCP/IP hosts participate
in most networ- protocols. TCP/IP hosts
in most networ- protocols. TCP/IP hosts
carry out such functions as end'to'end
carry out such functions as end'to'end
)erification/ routing/ and networ-
)erification/ routing/ and networ-
control. The TCP/IP internet can be
control. The TCP/IP internet can be
)iewed as a data stream deli)ery
)iewed as a data stream deli)ery
system in)ol)ing intelligent hosts.
system in)ol)ing intelligent hosts.
&e'(ure )s. &e'facto OSI!
&e'(ure )s. &e'facto OSI!
OSI
OSI
Standard legislated by official recogni4ed body. ISO! Standard legislated by official recogni4ed body. ISO!
The OSI reference model was de)ised The OSI reference model was de)ised before before the protocols were the protocols were
in)ented. This ordering means that the model was not biased in)ented. This ordering means that the model was not biased
toward one particular set of protocols/ which made it >uite general. toward one particular set of protocols/ which made it >uite general.
The down side of this ordering is that the designers did not ha)e The down side of this ordering is that the designers did not ha)e
much e1perience with the sub(ect and did not ha)e a good idea of much e1perience with the sub(ect and did not ha)e a good idea of
which functionality to put in which layer. which functionality to put in which layer.
Eeing general/the protocols in the OSI model are better hidden Eeing general/the protocols in the OSI model are better hidden
than in the TCP/IP model and can be replaced relati)ely easily as than in the TCP/IP model and can be replaced relati)ely easily as
the technology changes. the technology changes.
.ot so widespread as compared with TCP/IP. comple1 / costly! .ot so widespread as compared with TCP/IP. comple1 / costly!
More commonly used as teaching aids. More commonly used as teaching aids.
&e'(ure )s. &e'facto TCP/IP!
&e'(ure )s. &e'facto TCP/IP!
TCP/IP
TCP/IP
Standards adopted due to widespread use. Internet! Standards adopted due to widespread use. Internet!
The protocols came first/ and the model was really (ust a The protocols came first/ and the model was really (ust a
description of the e1isting protocols. There was no problem description of the e1isting protocols. There was no problem
with the protocols fitting the model/ but it is hardly possible to with the protocols fitting the model/ but it is hardly possible to
be use to describe other models be use to describe other models. .
5 5"et the (ob doneG orientation. "et the (ob doneG orientation.
O)er the years it has handled most challenges by growing to O)er the years it has handled most challenges by growing to
meet the needs. meet the needs.
More popular standard for internetwor-ing for se)eral More popular standard for internetwor-ing for se)eral
reasons ; reasons ;
relati)ely simple and robust compared to alternati)es such as OSI relati)ely simple and robust compared to alternati)es such as OSI
a)ailable on )irtually e)ery hardware and operating system platform a)ailable on )irtually e)ery hardware and operating system platform
often free! often free!
the protocol suite on which the Internet depends. the protocol suite on which the Internet depends.
The 0nd
The 0nd
Pro(ect team members

Pro(ect team members
ANDREW TAN TENG HONG ANDREW TAN TENG HONG
MAH CHEE MENG MAH CHEE MENG
CHEE YEW WAI CHEE YEW WAI
TAN YOKE CHUAN TAN YOKE CHUAN
CHEONG KIM MING CHEONG KIM MING

Comparison and Contrast Between The OSI and TCP/IP Model

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Comparison and Contrast Between The OSI and TCP/IP Model

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Comparison and Contrast

Comparison and Contrast

This presentation would discuss some

Open System Interconnection Model OSI!

Transport Control Protocol /Internet Protocol

The topics that we will be discussing

Compare the protocol layers that

#ocus of $eliability Control

$oles of %ost system

&e'(ure )s. &e'facto

.ot found in TCP/IP model

.ot found in TCP/IP model

In TCP/IP/ this function is pro)ided by the

OSI OSI ' #T,M/3T/M%S/&S/CMIP ' #T,M/3T/M%S/&S/CMIP

OSI asserts that distributed applications

In OSI/ each distributed application ser)ice

In TCP/IP/ each application entity is

Most of these application processes builds on

The functionality of the transport layer is

Transport is responsible for creating

It ta-es the information to be sent and brea-s

,lso pro)ide a signaling ser)ice for the

Transport +ayer protocols include the

Transport protocols can also mar- pac-ets

In addition/ Transport protocols pro)ide

Transport protocols pro)ide the

&efines two standard transport

TCP implements a reliable data'stream

*&P implements an unreliable data'

TCP pro)ides reliable data transmission

*&P is useful in many applications

eg. @here data needs to be broadcasted

Primary difference is that *&P does not

Many programs will use a separate TCP

TCP is responsible for data reco)ery

by pro)iding a se>uence number with each

TCP re>uires ,CA ac-owledgement! to

Pac-et can be retransmitted if error

#low control with

)ia specifying an acceptable range of

TCP and *&P introduce the concept of

Common ports and the ser)ices that

#TP #TP 2< and 2B 2< and 2B

POPC POPC <<B <<B

Ey specifying ports and including port

Multiple1ing allows multiple networ-

The port numbers/ along with the source and

The features of *&P and TCP defined at

The TCP/IP and OSI architecture models

+i-e all the other OSI +ayers/ the networ-

2.2D Pac-et +e)el Protocol F OSI?s

Connectionless .etwor- Ser)ice

OSI $outing ,rchitecture

TCP/IP $outing ,rchitecture

&ata lin- layer &ata lin- layer

Physical layer Physical layer

The function of the Physical Layer is to provide

These 1 layers of the OSI correspond directly to the subnet layer

3a4ority of the time, the lower layers below the Interface or

6fter much deliberation by or.ani7ations, it was

Since these two layers deal with functions that are so

#ocus of $eliability Control

$oles of %ost System