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The Milky Way Galaxy

James Binney
Oxford University

Outline

Why its important

Components of the Galaxy

ear!y stars

"nterstellar #as

The !ar

The Gala$ti$ $entre

Glo!ular $lusters

%tar streams

The dark halo



Why !other&

"ts home'

"t $an !e studied in uni(ue detail

"ts a hi#hly typi$al #alaxy




Galaxy luminosity fun$tion

)e* #alaxies +,+-

Most li#ht from


#alaxies *ith +.+-

o a$$ident that +.+-&



Bul#es and disks

We live at ed#e of disk

/isadvanta#e0 stru$ture
o!s$ured !y 1dust2

3dvanta#e0 $an study motions


of near!y stars

COB4 ear "5 6ie*

/imensions

5adius stellar disk 78 kp$9:;<<< li#ht years

/istan$e %un to $entre =kp$98><<< l?y?

@alfAmass radius .><kp$&

Thi$kness stellar disk .><<p$978<< l?y?


%tellar mass .B7<
7<
M

Gas mass .B7<


C
M


The #as layer

3t %un surfa$e density .7<


8<
atoms D $m
8

Gas layer .:<< li#ht years E: 7<


8<
$mF thi$kG
so n.<?: atoms D $m
:

/ensity of air .7<


8<
atoms D $m
:

%o s(uashed to density air layer .7 $m thi$k

Can see .7kp$H *hen s(uashed $ould see


only . 7<$m throu#h it

Iuk'

%tar formation

%tars form at rate


fe* D yr
Trifid ne!ula
%pitJer spa$e teles$ope E"5F

%tars near the %un

%tars !orn on nearly


$ir$ular or!its

%tars have random


velo$ities

%piral stru$ture
in$reases random
velo$ities over time

/erive a#e of solar


nei#h!ourhood0
78?8Gyr
@ippar$os data

%piral
stru$ture

+o$al %tandard of 5est


E+%5F on $ir$ular or!it
around GC

%hifts stars radially

%un may have shifted


.8kp$
A!ody simulation

Kollution

Kollution pro$eeds fastest near Gala$ti$ $entre

Older stars have fe*er heavy elements

5adial mi#ration leads to !i# spread in L)eD@M at


#iven a#e

6elo$ity spa$e from @ippar$os

/istri!ution of stars lumpy in velo$ity spa$e

Kointer to the Gala$ti$ !ar and spiral


stru$ture

%tars trapped !y the !ar

"nterstellar Gas

%ystemati$ effe$t0 $ir$ular


streamin#

CO
@"

The Gala$ti$ Bar

Gas to*ards the GC movin# a*ay at .7B<kmDs


4xpe$ted if
Galaxy !arred
to %un

"f *e $ould look do*n

ear "5 Khotometry

Galaxy !ri#hter
on left of GC

"ndividual o!Ne$ts
Ee# @B starsF also
!ri#hter on left

The
Gala$ti$
Centre

%#r 3 and )ilaments

"n$lined u$lear /isk

The Bla$k @ole

Weak radio sour$e %#r 3- marks spot

Or!itin# stars reveal its for$eAfield



Glo!ular Clusters
M:
7<< <<< stars

@alo O /isk Clusters
/isk
@alo

/isk $lusters more metalAri$h

3lso a population of field stars tra$ed !y !lue


horiJontal !ran$h stars O 55 +yrae stars

many from destroyed #lo!ular $lusters



%tellar halo
E%/%%F
residuals
Bell et al
E8<<;F

%tellar streams
Belokurov et al E8<<;F

Tidal streams
EKal BF
%loan di#ital sky survey E%/%%F

/ark @alo

@ard to tra$k
around MW
GC :7C=
Milky Way

/ark halos $uspy&

Gravitational
mi$rolensin#
Mi$rolensin# and
ma#nitude of nonA
$ir$ular motions imply
little /M at rPBkp$

/M %ear$hes

"f m.Ge6D$
8
G .7<
Q
D$m
8
Ds at .:<< kmDs

%easonal variation in flux



"f parti$les *eaklyA


intera$tin#G one
o$$asionally impa$ts
atomi$ nu$leus

look for events deep


under#round
Eshielded from $osmi$
raysF
Boul!yG Iorks

+imits on $ross se$tion
C/M% Colla!oration E<QF
%%M

Con$lusion

Understandin# the Milky Way key for


understandin# the Universe

Krovides pro!e of $onstitution of Universe

Mu$h pro#ress in the last de$ade

%till many unresolved (uestions

Will remain on the frontier of physi$s O


astronomy for the foreseea!le future

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