Made by:

Bruno Cunha
Daniel Moreira
Jos Santos
Marcos Barbosa
Pedro Bessa

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants
by the men into the natural environment that
cause adverse change.
Pollution can take the form of chemical
substances or energy, such as noise, heat or
light. Pollutants, the components of pollution,
can be either foreign substances/energies or
naturally occurring contaminants.
There are six types of pollution:
Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Land Pollution
Noise Pollution
Radioactive Pollution
Thermal Pollution

Air pollution is indication of disturbances to
the composition of compounds in the
atmosphere, as it may be summarized as
shown:
Excess emission of gases/vapors into
atmosphere
saturation of chemical
compounds/particulates
rate of dissipation (smaller than) rate of
absorption through various cycles (i.e. carbon
and nitrogen cycle)
Emergence of new chemical reactions of
reactive and non-biodegradable compounds.

Global warming, acid rain, smog and
ozone depletion.


Water pollution is contamination of water
by foreign matter that deteriorates the
quality of the water. Water pollution covers
pollutions in liquid forms like ocean
pollution and river pollution.
We can classify major sources that lead to water pollution to
the following categories:
petroleum products
synthetic agricultural chemicals
heavy metals
hazardous wastes
excess organic matter
sediment
infectious organisms
air pollution
thermal pollution
soil pollution

Revered to as soil pollution, land pollution involves the
following mechanism:
Deposition of solid waste
Accumulation of non-biodegradable materials
Chemicals become poisons
Alteration of soil chemical composition (imbalance of
chemical equilibrium to soil medium)

We can classify major sources that lead to noise pollution
to the following categories:
road traffic noise
air traffic
rail traffic
neighbourhood and domestic noise
incompatible land use
industrial noises

We can classify major sources that lead to
radioactive pollution to the following categories:

nuclear power plants
nuclear weapon
transportation
disposal of nuclear waste
uranium mining
There are commonly three types of radiation, namely:
Alpha particles, can be blocked by a piece of paper and
human skin.
Beta particles can penetrate through skin, while can be
blocked by some pieces of glass and metal.
Gamma rays can penetrate easily to human skin and
damage cells on its way through, reaching far, and can
only be blocked by a very thick, strong, massive piece
of concrete.

This has become an increasing and the
most current pollution, owing to the
increasing call of globalization everywhere.
Heat produced from industries is a major
contribution to the pollution, much to the
operation of the heavy industries which
produces high amount of heat energy.
We can classify major sources that lead to
thermal pollution to the following categories:

power plants creating electricity from fossil fuel
water as a cooling agent in industrial facilities
deforestation of the shoreline
soil erosion