ERGONOMICS

ERGONOMICS
ERGONOMICS-What is it?
ERGONOMICS-What is it?

Derived from two Greek words:

Derived from two Greek words:

Nomoi meai! at"ra# #aws

Nomoi meai! at"ra# #aws

Er!o meai! work

Er!o meai! work

$e%e& er!oomists st"d' h"ma

$e%e& er!oomists st"d' h"ma


%a(a)i#ities i re#atioshi( to work
%a(a)i#ities i re#atioshi( to work
demads
demads
$istor'
$istor'
* +s ear#' as ,-
+s ear#' as ,-
th th
%et"r' do%tors oted that
%et"r' do%tors oted that
workers who re."ired to maitai )od'
workers who re."ired to maitai )od'
(ositios for #o! (eriods of time
(ositios for #o! (eriods of time
deve#o(ed m"s%"#oske#eta# (ro)#ems/
deve#o(ed m"s%"#oske#eta# (ro)#ems/
* Withi #ast 01 'ears resear%h has %#ear#'
Withi #ast 01 'ears resear%h has %#ear#'
esta)#ished %oe%tios )etwee %ertai
esta)#ished %oe%tios )etwee %ertai
2o) tasks ad RSI or MSD/
2o) tasks ad RSI or MSD/
1)
1)
Static work
Static work
: m"s%"#oske#eta# effort
: m"s%"#oske#eta# effort
re."ired to ho#d a %ertai (ositio& eve
re."ired to ho#d a %ertai (ositio& eve
a %omforta)#e oe/
a %omforta)#e oe/


E3am(#e: sit 4 work at %om("ters5
E3am(#e: sit 4 work at %om("ters5
kee(i! head ad torso "(ri!ht
kee(i! head ad torso "(ri!ht
re."ires sma## or !reat amo"ts of stati%
re."ires sma## or !reat amo"ts of stati%
work de(edi! o the effi%ie%' of the
work de(edi! o the effi%ie%' of the
)od' (ositios we %hose/
)od' (ositios we %hose/
What two e#emets
What two e#emets
are at work?
are at work?
E#emets at work 6%ot7
E#emets at work 6%ot7
* Force
Force
:
:
amo"t of tesio o"r m"s%#es !eerate
amo"t of tesio o"r m"s%#es !eerate


E3am(#e: ti#ti! 'o"r head forward or )a%kward
E3am(#e: ti#ti! 'o"r head forward or )a%kward
from a e"tra#& verti%a# (ositio
from a e"tra#& verti%a# (ositio
quadruples
quadruples
the
the
amo"t of for%e a%ti! o 'o"r #ower e%k
amo"t of for%e a%ti! o 'o"r #ower e%k
verte)rae
verte)rae
* I%reased for%e is d8t i%rease i m"s%"#ar
I%reased for%e is d8t i%rease i m"s%"#ar
tesio eeded to s"((ort head i a ti#ted
tesio eeded to s"((ort head i a ti#ted
(ositio
(ositio


9 Mai Er!oomi% :ri%i(#es:
9 Mai Er!oomi% :ri%i(#es:
,/
,/
Work a%tivities sho"#d (ermit worker to ado(t
Work a%tivities sho"#d (ermit worker to ado(t
severa# differet hea#th' ad safe (ost"res/
severa# differet hea#th' ad safe (ost"res/
0/
0/
M"s%#e for%es sho"#d )e doe )' the
M"s%#e for%es sho"#d )e doe )' the
largest
largest
appropriate
appropriate
m"s%#e !ro"(s avai#a)#e
m"s%#e !ro"(s avai#a)#e
9/
9/
Work a%tivities s8) (erformed with 2oits at
Work a%tivities s8) (erformed with 2oits at
a)o"t mid-(oit of their ROM 6es(/
a)o"t mid-(oit of their ROM 6es(/
head&tr"k&;E7
head&tr"k&;E7
* The average person working at a keyboard
The average person working at a keyboard
can perform 50,000 to 200,000 keystrokes a
can perform 50,000 to 200,000 keystrokes a
day
day
* Overexertion, falls & R! are the most
Overexertion, falls & R! are the most
common ca"se of workplace in#"ry
common ca"se of workplace in#"ry
* $n average of %25,000 back in#"ries d"e to
$n average of %25,000 back in#"ries d"e to
improper lifting each year&
improper lifting each year&
* "scles over"se res"lts in tiny tears in the
"scles over"se res"lts in tiny tears in the
m"scles and scarring' these contrib"te to
m"scles and scarring' these contrib"te to
inflammation and m"scle stiffness
inflammation and m"scle stiffness
<+C=S
+ >it of
+ >it of
+atom'
+atom'
??
??
* Over"se ad sma## re(etitive movemets ie:
Over"se ad sma## re(etitive movemets ie:
C=D& RSI& MSD dist"r) )a#a%e of m"s%#es&
C=D& RSI& MSD dist"r) )a#a%e of m"s%#es&
tedos& #i!amets ad erves
tedos& #i!amets ad erves
* >ra%hia# (#e3"s: erve !ro"( that s"((#'
>ra%hia# (#e3"s: erve !ro"( that s"((#'
m"s%#es ad ski of ;E& %o"rse dow side of
m"s%#es ad ski of ;E& %o"rse dow side of
frot of e%k ad )e%ome media& "#ar ad
frot of e%k ad )e%ome media& "#ar ad
radia# erves/
radia# erves/
* Nerves sed si!a#s to m"s%#es to %otra%t
Nerves sed si!a#s to m"s%#es to %otra%t
* Whe erve %om(ressed fee# sesatio
Whe erve %om(ressed fee# sesatio
somewhere )8w (oit of %om(ressio ad
somewhere )8w (oit of %om(ressio ad
fi!erti(s
fi!erti(s
What
What
%a"ses Nerve
%a"ses Nerve
Com(ressio or
Com(ressio or
Etra(met
Etra(met
?
?
,7
,7
Re(eated motios
Re(eated motios
07
07
=i!ht m"s%#es
=i!ht m"s%#es
97
97
If#ammatio of s"rro"di! tiss"es
If#ammatio of s"rro"di! tiss"es
@7
@7
Misa#i!met of the erve
Misa#i!met of the erve
What are @ Commo Nerve
What are @ Commo Nerve
i2"ries?
i2"ries?
I/
I/
=hora%i% O"t#et S'drome:
=hora%i% O"t#et S'drome:
)ra%hia#
)ra%hia#
(#e3"s %om(ressio d8t m"s%#e
(#e3"s %om(ressio d8t m"s%#e
ti!htess side of e%k from (oor head
ti!htess side of e%k from (oor head
(ositio or s#"m(ed (ost"re/
(ositio or s#"m(ed (ost"re/


S8S3: "m)ess8ti!#i! i had& made
S8S3: "m)ess8ti!#i! i had& made
worse w8overhead a%tivities or %rad#i!
worse w8overhead a%tivities or %rad#i!
(hoe )8w ear ad sho"#der
(hoe )8w ear ad sho"#der
Nerve i2"ries 6%ot7
Nerve i2"ries 6%ot7
II/
II/
Radia# t"e# s'drome:
Radia# t"e# s'drome:
%om(ressed
%om(ressed
radia# erve A o"tside of e#)ow d8t
radia# erve A o"tside of e#)ow d8t
re(etitive wrist 4 fi!er e3tesio or
re(etitive wrist 4 fi!er e3tesio or
t"ri! of forearm
t"ri! of forearm


S8S3: Sesatios from e#)ow to )ase of
S8S3: Sesatios from e#)ow to )ase of
th"m) w8 wrist weakess a %ommo s3
th"m) w8 wrist weakess a %ommo s3
Nerve i2"ries 6%ot7
Nerve i2"ries 6%ot7
III/
III/
C")ita# t"e# s'drome:
C")ita# t"e# s'drome:
"#ar erve
"#ar erve
%om(ressio iside of the e#)ow d8t
%om(ressio iside of the e#)ow d8t
re(etitive )edi! of e#)ow or
re(etitive )edi! of e#)ow or
resting
resting
your elbow
your elbow
o a hard s"rfa%e
o a hard s"rfa%e


S8S3: "m)ess or ti!#i! ad
S8S3: "m)ess or ti!#i! ad
iside of arm w8 ti!#i! to ri! 4 #itt#e
iside of arm w8 ti!#i! to ri! 4 #itt#e
fi!ers
fi!ers
Nerve i2"ries 6%ot7
Nerve i2"ries 6%ot7
IB/
IB/
Car(a# t"e# s'drome:
Car(a# t"e# s'drome:
%om(ressio of
%om(ressio of
media erve at #eve# of %ar(a# t"e#
media erve at #eve# of %ar(a# t"e#


Where is %ar(a# t"e#? <ormed A wrist )'
Where is %ar(a# t"e#? <ormed A wrist )'
#i!amet over the %ar(a# )oes i had
#i!amet over the %ar(a# )oes i had
S8S3: "m)ess or ti!#i! i th"m)& ide3&
S8S3: "m)ess or ti!#i! i th"m)& ide3&
or midd#e fi!er 4 C of ri! fi!er5 ofte
or midd#e fi!er 4 C of ri! fi!er5 ofte
awakeed A i!ht )' had fa##i! as#ee(
awakeed A i!ht )' had fa##i! as#ee(
S3 i%reased )' drivi! or attem(ti! to ho#d
S3 i%reased )' drivi! or attem(ti! to ho#d
o)2e%ts5 dro((i! o)2e%ts is a %ommo
o)2e%ts5 dro((i! o)2e%ts is a %ommo
%om(#ait
%om(#ait
=edos ad =edoitis
=edos ad =edoitis
* =edos are %oe%tive tiss"e that atta%h
=edos are %oe%tive tiss"e that atta%h
m"s%#e to )oe5 have #itt#e stret%h or re)o"d
m"s%#e to )oe5 have #itt#e stret%h or re)o"d
* =edo over"se& stati% or (ro#o!ed
=edo over"se& stati% or (ro#o!ed
(ositioDif#ammatio or tedoitis
(ositioDif#ammatio or tedoitis
* =edos of wrist 4 had ver' sma##5 A hi!h risk
=edos of wrist 4 had ver' sma##5 A hi!h risk
for i2"r' w8 over"se
for i2"r' w8 over"se
*

=eis e#)ow or #atera# e(i%od'#itis affe%ts

=eis e#)ow or #atera# e(i%od'#itis affe%ts
finger extensor
finger extensor
tedos o"tside of e#)ow
tedos o"tside of e#)ow
*

Go#ferEs e#)ow or medi%a# e(i%od'#itis affe%ts

Go#ferEs e#)ow or medi%a# e(i%od'#itis affe%ts
fi!er f#e3or tedos iside of e#)ow
fi!er f#e3or tedos iside of e#)ow
What to do ??
What to do ??
a7
a7
Warm "( 4 stret%h )efore a%tivities that are
Warm "( 4 stret%h )efore a%tivities that are
re(etitive& stati% or (ro#o!ed
re(etitive& stati% or (ro#o!ed
)7
)7
=ake
=ake
frequent breaks
frequent breaks
from +NF s"staied
from +NF s"staied
(ost"re ever' 01-91 mi"tes
(ost"re ever' 01-91 mi"tes
%7
%7
Res(e%t (ai- (ositios or sto( (aif"#
Res(e%t (ai- (ositios or sto( (aif"#
a%tivit'
a%tivit'
d7
d7
Re%o!iGe ear#' si!s of if#ammator'
Re%o!iGe ear#' si!s of if#ammator'
(ro%ess& 4 t3 ear#'
(ro%ess& 4 t3 ear#'
:REBEN=
:REBEN=
&
&
:REBEN=
:REBEN=
&
&
:REBEN=
:REBEN=
???
???
a(
a( aintain erect position of back aintain erect position of back
& neck w) sho"lders relaxed & neck w) sho"lders relaxed
b(
b( *osition e+"ipment & work directly in front of and *osition e+"ipment & work directly in front of and
close to yo"r ma#or tasks close to yo"r ma#or tasks
c(
c( ,eep "pper arms close to the body, elbows -0.%00 ,eep "pper arms close to the body, elbows -0.%00
degrees degrees
d(
d( ,eep feet flat on floor, "pper body weight resting ,eep feet flat on floor, "pper body weight resting
on /sits bones0 on /sits bones0
e(
e( 1rists as ne"tral as possible' safe 2one for wrist 1rists as ne"tral as possible' safe 2one for wrist
movement is %5 degrees in all directions movement is %5 degrees in all directions



Maitai
Ne"tra#
:ost"re
f7
f7
+void )edi! e%k forward for
+void )edi! e%k forward for
(ro#o!ed (eriods of time 6Hremem)er
(ro#o!ed (eriods of time 6Hremem)er
quadruple
quadruple
the for%e75 "se a %o(' ho#der
the for%e75 "se a %o(' ho#der
!7
!7
+void stati% (ositios for (ro#o!ed time5
+void stati% (ositios for (ro#o!ed time5
m"s%#es fati!"e---MOBE to %ir%"#atio?
m"s%#es fati!"e---MOBE to %ir%"#atio?
Fo"
ta#ki! to
me?
Modif' =asks:
Modif' =asks:
a7
a7
+#terate a%tivities fre."et#'5 rotate heav'
+#terate a%tivities fre."et#'5 rotate heav'
48or re(etitive tasks w8 #i!hter #ess re(etitive
48or re(etitive tasks w8 #i!hter #ess re(etitive
oes/
oes/
)7
)7
If s3 )e%ome worse
If s3 )e%ome worse
REASSESS
REASSESS
task set"( 4
task set"( 4
#ook for a#terative methods
#ook for a#terative methods
%7
%7
+void re(etitive or (ro#o!ed !ri( a%tivities
+void re(etitive or (ro#o!ed !ri( a%tivities
d7
d7
+void (i%hi! w8 wrist i f#e3io or wrist
+void (i%hi! w8 wrist i f#e3io or wrist
deviatio 6)edi! to side7
deviatio 6)edi! to side7
e7
e7
=ake
=ake
frequent breaks
frequent breaks
to stret%h 4 rest hads
to stret%h 4 rest hads
* ;se the #ar!est 2oits 4 m"s%#es to do the 2o)
;se the #ar!est 2oits 4 m"s%#es to do the 2o)
* ;se 0 hads to #ift rather tha oe& eve with
;se 0 hads to #ift rather tha oe& eve with
#i!ht o)2e%ts ad tasks/
#i!ht o)2e%ts ad tasks/
* +void #ifti! w8 the forearm i f"## (roatio
+void #ifti! w8 the forearm i f"## (roatio
6(a#m dow7 or s"(iatio 6(a#m "(7
6(a#m dow7 or s"(iatio 6(a#m "(7
* S#ide or ("sh 4 ("## o)2e%ts istead of #ifti!
S#ide or ("sh 4 ("## o)2e%ts istead of #ifti!
* Iee( rea%hi! to a miim"m
Iee( rea%hi! to a miim"m
* Carr' o)2e%ts %#ose to )od' at waist #eve#
Carr' o)2e%ts %#ose to )od' at waist #eve#
>od'
Me%hai%s
Corre%t 4 I%orre%t =e%hi."es
Corre%t 4 I%orre%t =e%hi."es
G
o
o
d
a

d
>
a
d
o
f
G
o
o
d
a

d
>
a
d
o
f
=
IJ
=

=
IJ
=

ERGO REMINDERS from
Stret%h)reak/%om
:ra%ti%e We##ess at Work ad $ome ?
3xercise
4"trition
Relaxation
>od'
Mid
S(irit
O53
6
R
3
$
T
7
3
8TR3T97
+ o"%e of :revetio is worth a
+ o"%e of :revetio is worth a
(o"d of %"re ?
(o"d of %"re ?