RANPAR Combined LoadControl v1.2

1 Nokia Siemens Networks RN 3167-30A / AA / 04_2011
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R 0
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R 255
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Primary colours: Supporting colours:
146 B 155
Course Content
Radio Resource Management Overview
Parameter Configuration
Common Channels & Power Control
Load Control
Admission Control
Packet Scheduling
Handover Control
Resource Manager
HSDPA RRM & parameters
HSUPA RRM & parameters
HSPA+ features & parameters
Load Control:
Module Objectives
At the end of the module you will be able to:

Describe the principles of Load Control and it's parameters in detail
Describe the relationships of Load Control with AC and PS
Identify the parameters influencing BTS load measurements

Load Control
Load Control Functions
Radio Interface Load
Power based Radio Resource Management
Throughput based Radio Resource Management
Planning thresholds for cell loading
BTS Measurements and Reporting
Common Measurements
Dedicated Measurements
Filtering of Measurements

Load Control Functional Overview
LC is a cell based RRM Function, utilising cell specific:
thresholds set by RNP,
load measurements,
AC, PS & LC algorithms.

LC performs the function of load control
in association with AC & PS
LC updates load status using resource measurements & estimations provided by AC & PS
Continuously feeds cell load information to the other RRM functions, e.g. PS & AC
LC
AC
PS
RM
RNC
Load Control Functional Overview
RRM in RNC
LC
AC
PS
Load change
estimations
Load change
estimations
Scheduling
period
PRACH load
measurement
WBTS NB/RS
NBAP-PRIVATE:
RRIndPeriod or
3GPP NBAP :
COMMONMEASUREMENT
REPORT
Dedicated
measurement reporting
parameters
parameters
measurements
estimations
when
changed Load change info
Load status request
Load status
NRT load
measurements
Load Control
Planning thresholds for cell loading
Common Measurements

NSN RRM: Power & Throughput based
DL uses Power Measurements and calculations for RRM decisions

UL uses Power & Throughput estimations and calculations for RRM decisions

=
+ =
N
j
j UL
load i
1
) 1 (
q
NR P
P
total rx
noise rx
UL
1
1 1
_
_
= = q
max , _
_
BTS tx
total tx
DL
P
P
= q
defining Load
q = 0% 100%
( )
j j b
j
j
N E
R W
L
v
1
/
/
1
1
0
- +
=
defining Little i
Slide 9/10
Load Estimation Methods and other cell interference
Throughput
based
threshold
Wideband
Power based
threshold
Own cell load factor q
(capacity)
i=0.5
i=0
i=1
2 Load estimation
methods:
UL power based load measurement
P
Rx_Own
P
RxTotal
= P
Rx_Own
+ P
Rx_Other
+ P
Noise

=

P
Rx_NRT
+ P
Rx_RT
+ P
Rx_Other
+ P
Noise

= P
Rx_NRT
+ P
Rx_NC
P
Rx_Other
i
UL
= P
Rx_Other
/ P
Rx_Own

DL power based load measurement
P
Tx_Own
P
TxTotal
= P
Tx_Own

=

P
Tx_NRT
+ P
Tx_RT
+ P
Tx_Common

= P
Tx_NRT
+ P
Tx_NC
P
Tx_Common
P
Rx_Own_DL
P
Rx_Other_DL
i
DL
= P
Rx_Other_DL
/ P
Rx_Own_DL

The BTS measures the total received power (PrxTotal) and the total transmitted power
(PtxTotal) on cell basis
- The BTS reports PrxTotal & PtxTotal of each cell to the RNC
- LC updates
- Cell load status for each cell based on RADIO RESOURCE INDICATION
- Non-controllable UL (PrxNC) & DL (PtxNC) load in cell
- Semi-controllable UL (Prx_SC) & DL (Ptx_SC) load in the cell (related to PS Streaming)
- AC and PS algorithms work on the current cell load status provided by LC
- Denying call admission (AC) & throttling back NRT traffic (PS) are the overload actions
- After scheduling PS provides LC with PrxNRT, PtxNRT & L
NRT
estimates
- After admitting RT RAB, AC provides LC with NC load increase estimate
System Noise & PrxNoise Autotuning Algorithm
System noise PrxNoise is the sum of all stationary noises:
thermal noise
interference caused by spurious emissions of other systems,
noise caused by additional equipment such as repeaters
PrxNoise can vary place to place & even time to time
PrxNoise setting affects the capacity of cell:
PrxNoise too low: overestimation of cell load and can lead to unnecessary call blocking
PrxNoise too high: underestimation of cell load and can lead to overload situation

RNC provides Autotuning-Tool to measure unloaded system noise:
PrxUnloaded; it adjusts PrxNoise parameter based on these measurements
PrxTotal = PrxUnloaded when own cell considered unloaded / very low load;
L
RT
s Unloaded
RT
& L
NRT
s Unloaded
NRT
& no EDCH users in the cell
Unloaded
RT
& Unloaded
NRT
are RNC parameters (values for NRT: 1 %, RT: 2 %)
L
RT
&

L
NRT
: UL load factor for own cell RT (AC estimates) & PS users (PS estimates)
PrxNoise updated by the autotuning algorithm based on PrxUnloaded
PrxNoise autotuning step size limited by PrxNoiseMaxTuneAbsolute
PrxNoise
WCEL: -130..-50; 0.1; -105 dBm
PrxNoiseAutotuning
WCEL: 0 (Off) / 1 (On)
PrxNoiseMaxTuneAbsolute
WCEL: 0..60; 0.5; 255 dB
255 dB: Autotuning is not limited
UL Preventive & Overload Thresholds
Prx Target [dB]
PrxTarget [dB] + PrxOffset [dB]
load factor q
Range [0..1]

N
o
i
s
e

R
i
s
e

[
d
B
]

Overloaded Area
Marginal Load Area
Feasible Load Area
PrxTarget: WCEL; 0 .. 30; 0.1; 4dB
PrxOffset: WCEL; 0 .. 6; 0.1; 1dB
( ) | | dB Log q 1 10
10
PrxTarget =
DL Preventive & Overload Thresholds
Ptx Target [dBm]
Ptx Target [dBm] + PtxOffset [dB]
load factor
q
t
o
t
a
l

t
r
a
n
s
m
i
t
t
e
d

p
o
w
e
r

P
t
x

T
o
t
a
l

[
d
B
m
]

Overloaded Area
Marginal Load Area
Feasible Load Area
Cell Maximum
PtxTarget: WCEL; -10 .. 50; 0.1; 40 dBm
PtxOffset: WCEL; 0 .. 6; 0.1; 1dB
PtxCellMax WCEL: 050; 0.1; 43dBm
Load Control
Common Measurements

Common measurements taken & reported by WBTS
PtxTotal Transmitted Carrier Power
Nokia Private NBAP
PtxNonHSPATransmitted Code Power of all codes not used for HSDPA
Nokia Private NBAP
PrxTotal Received Total Wideband Power
Nokia Private NBAP
REPS Received E-DCH Power Share
Nokia Private NBAP
Acknowledged PRACH preambles
Nokia Private NBAP
Provided HSDPA Bitrate
Provided HSUPA Bitrate
Required Power
RRM in RNC needs this information for Streaming mapped on HSPA
(NST Non Scheduled Transmission)
Nokia Private part is protocol extension specified in 3GPP
WBTS Common Measurements sent to CRNC
WBTS sends measurements periodically according setting of RRM parameter:

(Nokia Private part)
RADIO RESOURCE MEASUREMENT REPORT
RRIndPeriod
Radio Resource Indication Period
WBTS; 200 .. 2000; 100; 400 ms
RACHloadIndicationPeriod
WBTS; 0 (Off); 1 .. 20; 1; 1 RRI report
Measurement filtering & reporting criteria in BTS
BTS measurements are averaged/filtered in BTS before reporting
L1 filtering
L3 filtering
Higher Layer filtering
BTS reports measurements to RNC when needed
Reporting criteria
Step 1:
L1 Filtering:
1 Frame = 10 ms
Step 2
L1 measurement period
(= L1 Filtering)
= 100 ms = 10 frames
( Slide 30)
Step 3:
L3 Filtering:
RRI period = 400 ms
( Slide 27)
L1 Filtering: Prx and Ptx Total Measurements
Frame average measurements
Frame Prx and Ptx Total
measurements
=
14
0
/ /
15
1
Total P Total P
tx rx tx rx
0 14 1 2 ...
L3 filtering: Higher layer filtering
The Measurement Filter Coefficient (k) IE indicates how filtering of the measurement
values shall be performed before measurement event evaluation and reporting.
The averaging shall be performed according to the following formula.
L1 measurement period is 100 ms (20 ms for Acknowledged PRACH preambles)

Filter response
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
t
13579
1
1
1
3
1
5
1
7
1
9
2
1
2
3
2
5
2
7
2
9
3
1
3
3
Measurements
V
a
l
u
e
,

d
B
Measured
Filtered, k = 3
Filtered, k = 7
Filter response
-105.5
-105
-104.5
-104
-103.5
-103
-102.5
-102
-101.5
t
13579
1
1
1
3
1
5
1
7
1
9
2
1
2
3
2
5
2
7
2
9
3
1
3
3
Measurements
V
a
l
u
e
,

d
B
Measured
Filtered, k = 3
Filtered, k = 7
The higher the coefficient value, the more
emphasis on old filtered measurements
Examples:
k=2, a=0,5 both an old filtered measurement and
a new measurement have the weight of 50%
K = 0 a = 1 no L3 filtering
MeasFiltCoeff
Measurement filter
coefficient k
WCEL; 0 (Off); 1 ..
14; 1; 5
Measurement filtering
The RNC can order BTSs to report cell-based & connection-based measurements only if internal
thresholds are exceeded.
However, a report is sent at least once per 10 reporting periods (RNP parameters).
The filtering functionality decreases the amount of measurement messages between the BTS and the
RNC and thus decreases the load of RNC computer units.
Internally RNC repeats the cell based measurements every WBTS: RRIndPeriod to provide RRM
functions a continuous flow of measurements
BTS Measurements
Reporting period
10 * Reporting period
RRIndPeriod
WBTS; 200 .. 2000;
100; 400 ms
WBTS Measurements sent to CRNC
WBTS can filter a measurement report (not sent to RNC)
only inform RNC about important load changes
reduce common NBAP signaling on IuB interface

RNC provides load threshold and value change threshold to WBTS

Measured
entity
Max amount of
consecutive filtered
reports

Reporting period

Change threshold

Load Threshold

Report Report
Report Report
Time
Report
Report
Parameter settings for
PtxTotal Measurement
0,5 dB
20 % of Ptx max
non-configurable:
PtxTotalLoadThreshold: 20%
PtxTotalChangeThreshold: 0.5dB
PrxTotalLoadThreshold: 20%
PrxTotalChangeThreshold: 0.2dB
Dedicated Measurements in BTS
Transmitted Code Power
WBTS send periodic measurement reports with code power measurement results from all Radio
Links (UEs in Cell_DCH)

Depending on allocated service type WBTS applies different reporting frequency:
CS Services & SRB:
CS Data Services:
PS Data Services:
DedicatedMeasRepPeriod
WBTS; 0.5..5; 0.5; 2.5 s
DediMeasRepPeriodCSdata
WBTS; 0.5..5; 0.5; 1.5 s
DediMeasRepPeriodPSdata
WBTS; 0.5..5; 0.5; 0.5 s

RANPAR Combined LoadControl v1.2

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1 Nokia Siemens Networks RN 3167-30A / AA / 04_2011

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