Waste Cooking Fuel for

Jeepneys Evaluation and

Business Development

J.B.Manuel M. Biona, Ph.D.

Director, Center for Research and Training
Don Bosco Technical College
Contents
• Background of the Project
• Objectives
• Components and Status
• Realizations and Future Challenges
Introduction
• Philippine is dependent on imported oil
• Country is vulnerable to world oil situation
• Public transport is sensitive to oil prices
• Public Transport like Jeepneys are very inefficient and
major source of global and local pollution
• A lot of technologies were offered but very limited third
party and valid evaluation – Waste Cooking Oil Fuel
Technology
Waste Cooking Oil as ICE Fuel
• More Viscous Than Diesel
• Lower Heating Value
• Fatty Acids

Waste Cooking Oil Fuel Technologies in the

Market
• Waste Cooking Oil Based Blending
• 100% Waste Cooking Oil Fuel with Pre-Heater
• Straight Waste Cooking Oil Blending
Project Objectives
• Evaluate based on the life cycle assessment
and cost framework the economic and
environmental benefits / impacts of these
technologies;
• Formulate and demonstrate a waste cooking
oil collection and processing technology and
business strategy to provide additional
monetary benefits to the jeepney drivers; and
• Disseminate results for possible replication in
other areas.
Project Components
• Technology Testing and Evaluation
• Development of Waste Cooking Oil
Processing Equipment
• Advocacy, Business Planning and
Development
• Organizational Development
• Results Dissemination
Technology Testing and Evaluation
• Laboratory Testing
• Field Testing
• LCA and LCC Cost Modeling
Laboratory Testing
• Power Curve test
• Steady State Testing ( Fuel Consumption and
Fuel Consumption )
• Testing has been done but not yet completed
due to some equipment problems
Field Testing
• Purpose : Fuel Consumption, Economics
and Durability Issues
• Test Site: Los Banos, Laguna
• Started in August and On-going
• Oil provided by Chowking, Jollibee and
barangays
• Normal Operation
• First Month – Baseline
• Succeeding Months - Technology
Field Testing Findings
• Waste Cooking Oil Bio-diesel Blending
Mean Stdev Remarks
Baseline ( Diesel ) 3.91 0.24Newly overhauled but low power was observed
10% Blend ( Before Repair ) 4.19 0.41Immediately after starting, black smoke was
observed but disappaers after some time. Low
power continued to be observed.

10% Blend ( After Repair ) 3.53 0.18Power improved but fuel consumption increased
due to high idle speed. Gray smoke was
observed during start-up.

20% Blend ( After Repair )
4.13 0.51Idle speed still high. Gray smoke continued to be
observed and worsened when the new batch of
bio-diesel was used. Engine temperature also
observed to be higher. Engine vibration
increased.
Field Testing Findings
• Straight Waste Cooking Oil Blending
Mean Stdev Remarks

Baseline ( Diesel ) 9.8 0.18

10% Blend ( Before Repair ) 9.49 1.71Increased vibration and periodic reduction of
power.Gray smoke

20% Blend ( After Repair ) 11.73 1.77Engine performance initially is not stable. Hard
starting and increased vibration. Fuel filter easily
clogged.
Field Testing Findings
• 100% Waste Cooking Oil with Pre-
heating Mean Stdev Remarks
Baseline ( Diesel ) 3.9
10% Blend ( Before Repair ) 2.81
0.19
0.29Elevated engine temperature and power
reduction was observed with the prolonged
use of waste cooking oil. When the fuel is
shifted to diesel, tailpipe emissions
increases for some time and disappears
afterwhich engine performance normalizes.
Clogging in the fuel filter was also
observed.
Challenges
• Ensure the quality of waste
cooking oil collected
• Isolate the problem ( vehicle or
fuel )
• Evaluate processing efficiency and
storage practices
 Waste Cooking Oil Processing Equipment
• Filtering and Moisture Reduction
• Bio-Diesel Conversion

SNODLOB
office
Advocacy, Business Planning and Development
• Legislation
• Collection System and Processing
• Feasibility Study
• Multi-Stakeholder Coalition
Organizational Development
• Multi-Stakeholder Coalition during testing
• Multi-Stakeholder Coalition during
Technology Commercial Roll-out

Results Dissemination
• Project Dissemination Booklet
• Conference Presentations
• Journal Publications
Commercialization Barriers
Varying quality of waste cooking oil
• Possible increase in waste cooking oil price when technology is commercialized
• Bio-Diesel Standards Issue
• Spill-over effects
•
Field Testing Findings
• 100% Waste Cooking Oil with Pre-
Realization
• Its important to involve the sectors concerned in the
Heating Mean and
technology development Stdev deployment
Remarks process.
• InBaseline
most cases the challenge is not so much in
( Diesel ) 3.9 0.19
Research and Development but in Deployment
100% Cooking Oil 2.81 0.29Increased vibration and periodic reduction of
power.Gray smoke
30 yrs old
na ang
makina ng
jeep ko sabi
nga ng
mekaniko
ko di na
dapat
sumali sa
ganitong
experiment
o delikado
sa
Alam niyo
makina…..
naman ito
lang ang
kinabubuh
ay namin
pag
nagkaprob Paul Castillo with last minute apprehensions
lema ang before the start of the testing protocol
Danny measuring out 1 liter of
filtered centrifuged used cooking
oil to mix with 9 liters of diesel for
After more talks and reassurances
about the benefits of using waste
cooking oil Paul is ready to risk his
Danny Bilon is more comfortable to
try his jeepney on 20% biodiesel
blend
Jopot and Danny trying
the signage on his
jeepney
Indeed every drop counts for Danny’s jeepney which has a
baseline km/li of 4 to 5
After our exercise on computing baseline km per li of his jeepney
( which was incredibly low at only 1-2) Paul is ready to attach
the jeepney signage
now ready to try a radical option for the benefit of the
environment the IBOP project and the SNODLOB
cooperative and their families
coop chairman danny lescano
helping install the signage
Bravely smiling this is it!
Jopot Pesquisa Paul Castillo, Danny Bilon, Danny Lescano
vice chairman - the
and main office pioneers of alternative fuel for jeepneys in
support los banos
Celso Benecero driver for
chairman Danny’s jeepney
with baseline km/li of 8
Danny’s jeepney runs on 100%
waste cooking oil ( filtered and de
watered) no more smoke belching
observed
Celso reports to Danny the very observable changes
in engine running condition- stronger pull ( hatak) and
smoother quieter run
Thank You Very Much !!